Tag: Software testing

Popular Websites to Find Software Testing Research Papers Free & Paid

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Software testing is the most significant part of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC) as it is something upon which the final delivery of the product is dependent. It is time consuming and an intensive process, therefore, enhanced techniques and innovative methodologies are requisite.

We provide introductory information about the  well as the source of the research papers for software testing, which is either free or paid.

There are very few libraries in the research area where research papers are accessible; some papers are protected by their authors; we can access the research paper by requesting or paying the appropriate amount. The impact of technology on our businesses is exciting and the opportunities for us are unlimited.

Mobile app test cost calculator

Here are some major trends for research parameters that are changing the face of software testing

1. Springer Nature:

Our very first platform that is useful for researchers is “Springer Nature”. Springer Nature is a publishing, educational, and research-based company. The company looks to provide resources primarily for researchers and scientists.

Springer Nature advances discovery by publishing trusted research, supporting the development of new ideas and championing open science. We are committed to playing our part in accelerating solutions to address the world’s urgent challenges.

 

There are some journals published by Springer that are specifically designed for software testers’ research. “Software Quality Journal“  and “Automated Software Engineering” are the journals where researchers can publish their research as well as some past researchers’ papers for reference. These journals are generally free to readers, but some papers are protected by the author; users can access the references after requesting access or paying access fees. For access to the Springer Nature Library, follow the link https://www.springernature.com/gp

Read Also: Personality Analysis of Software Testers A Scientific Approach

2. Clarivate

Web of Science is the world’s most powerful research engine, which is a subscription platform that gives access to many databases including reference and citation data from academic journals, conference proceedings, and other materials in a variety of academic subjects.

 

It was created by the Institute for Scientific Information. It is utilized for searching of a subject and cited references; for instance, it retrieves the articles that are cited by a reference article and also helps in the viewing of the references that are already cited in a relevant article.

Clarivate is the current owner which helps you collect and analyze information for insights you can easily act on. Under this, we can get the papers based on title or keywords. Based on software testing, the platform almost covers the majority of research for access to the Web of Science Library by using this link https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results.

3. Mendeley

“Mendeley” is a reference management programme that was established in 2007 by PhD students Paul Foeckler, Victor Henning, and Jan Reichelt and was purchased by Elsevier in 2013. It is used to organise and distribute research papers, as well as to produce bibliographies for scholarly works. Following the purchase, the Mendeley team expanded its product portfolio while iterating on its core reference management application. Mendeley can track reader numbers, which have been shown to predict citation impact, although journal-level metrics are poor indicators of dependability.

Mendeley

It covers a large dataset about software tester research publication for more explosions Login in Mendeley and access the trending subject as references. Mendeley is a free reference manager that can help you collect references, organize your citations, and create bibliographies which manage the software that helps to manage your research data in systematic way. Below is the link which helps the researcher easily to enter in mendeley https://www.mendeley.com/?interaction_required=true

Read Also: History of Software Testing Estimation Models for Cost Analysis

4. ResearchGate

“ResearchGate” is a commercial social networking service for academics and researchers around the world that allows them to exchange papers, ask and answer questions, and locate partners i. e. it discover scientific knowledge and stay connected to the world of science While viewing articles does not necessitate registration, site members must have an email address from a recognised university or be personally certified as published researchers.

ResearchGate

The research gate shows the result based on the title and the keywords under the banner of ResearchGate, no specific journal is designed for software testing. For reference purposes, it covers a wide range of papers in the software testing domain and getting the papers based on the title and keywords do follow the following link https://www.researchgate.net/.

5. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

The “Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)” is a professional society for electronic and electrical engineering, which is an organization dedicated to advancing innovation and technological excellence for the benefit of humanity, is the world’s largest technical professional society. It is designed to serve professionals involved in all aspects of the electrical, electronic, and computing fields and related areas of science and technology that underlie modern civilization. The IEEE’s aim is to advance technology for the benefit of humanity.

IEEE

The IEEE has some journals that are very useful for the domain of software testing. The journals are as follows: “IEEE Access”, “IEEE Transactions on Software Engineering,” and “IEEE Software” are the three most popular journals that are useful for software tester research aspirants and there is IEEE Standard for Software Test Documentation which is a set of basic test documents that are associated with the dynamic aspects of software testing that is, the execution of procedures and code.

The role of IEEE in current technology is to advance computer and information processing science and technology; promote professional interaction; and keep members up-to-date on the latest developments.  If you want to publish your article or need some standard papers for reference, go to IEEE and access them; some are free and some are subscription-based. We are providing the link for easy access https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp

6. Elsevier

“Elsevier” is a scientific, technical, and medical Publishing Corporation which takes a hand in shaping the future of knowledge with roles dedicated to delivering innovations and improvements to our platforms. Elsevier has Agile work flows embedded within the company which utilizes cutting-edge technological practices and focused on improving your technical skills, and they provide access to resources to help you progress.

Elsevier

Electronic and print editions of periodicals, text books, and reference works covering the health, life, physical, and social sciences are among the products and services offered. Academic and government research institutions, corporate research labs, booksellers, librarians, scientific researchers, authors, editors, physicians, nurses, allied health professionals, medical and nursing students and schools, medical researchers, pharmaceutical companies, hospitals, and research establishments are among the target markets. Following are the some standard Elsevier journals in the software testing domain:

1. “Security Controls Evaluation, Testing, and Assessment Handbook.”
2. “SDL ’97: Time for Testing”
3. “Practical Model-Based Testing”
4. “Usability Testing Essentials”:
For direct access to the Elsevier go through the link https://www.elsevier.com/en-in

Read Also: Software Testing Latest Trends & Technology in 2023

7. Semantic Scholar

“Semantic Scholar” is an artificial intelligence-powered scientific literature research tool created at the Allen Institute for AI and made public in November 2015. It makes use of improvements in natural language processing to produce scientific article summaries. Semantic Scholar is examined to locate primary papers of selected secondary studies and identify missing venues.

The proposed search strategy is used to check the ability to retrieve primary papers of each secondary study. The Semantic Scholar team is investigating the application of artificial intelligence in natural language processing, machine learning, human-computer interaction, software testing, and information retrieval.

Semantic Scholar

Semantic Scholar summarises scientific literature in one statement. One of its goals was to overcome the difficulty of reading multiple titles and long abstracts on mobile devices. It also aims to guarantee that the three million scientific articles published each year reach readers. Basically, it is the collection of databases of all the types of research libraries available here; basically, it is domain-independent. We can search the article on this platform by applying some filters such as subject, domain, title, keywords, etc. We provide a link to Semantic Scholar for research aspirants to easily search any research article in any domain. https://www.semanticscholar.org/

8. ScienceDirect

“Science Direct” is a website that gives access to Elsevier’s enormous bibliographic collection of scientific and medical publications. It emphasizes developing a strategy for testing and validation and show how to design a testing and validation program that deliver information in a timely and cost effective manner.

Researchers, teachers, students, healthcare and information professionals use ScienceDirect to improve the way they search, discover, read, understand and share scholarly research.

ScienceDirect

ScienceDirect combines authoritative, full-text scientific, technical and health publications with smart, intuitive functionality so that users can stay informed in their fields and can work more effectively and efficiently. Article abstracts are freely available, but full text access usually needs a membership or pay-per-view payment, unless the material is freely available via open access.

The following journals are relevant to the software testing domain:

1. Advances in Computers
2. Perspectives on Data Science for Software Engineering
3. Journal of Systems and Software
4. Applied Soft Computing
5. Information and Software Technology
6. Information Sciences.

These journals are very useful for researchers in terms of publication and reference purposes; however, some articles in these journals are author-restricted and require access permission. We’ve included a link to ScienceDirect home page for your convenience https://www.sciencedirect.com/.

Get ready to quick access to check the remarkable software testing platforms

 

Platforms for research parameters Link
Springer Nature https://www.springernature.com/gp
Web of Science https://mjl.clarivate.com/search-results
Mendeley https://www.mendeley.com/?interaction_required=true
Research Gate https://www.researchgate.net/
IEEE https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/home.jsp
Elsevier https://www.elsevier.com/en-in
Semantic Scholar https://www.semanticscholar.org/
ScienceDirect https://www.sciencedirect.com/

The software development industry has devolved into a front line. Every company wants its product to be the greatest and in order to make your product the greatest on the market; you must ensure that it is of the highest quality.

Conclusion

The primary goal of this blog is to provide a research sources used for references and to help aspiring researchers in their search for researchers.

Software Testing Latest Trends & Technology in 2023

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Software testing is the most significant part of the Software Development Lifecycle as it is something upon which the final delivery of the product is dependent. It is time consuming and an intensive process, therefore, enhanced techniques and innovative methodologies are requisite.

In this research blog, we discuss recent trending software testing topics that are being researched industriously around the world. The software industry goes through a lot of research and modified methodologies that keep the software quality top-notch for the end-user.

Read Also: Popular Websites to Find Software Testing Research Papers Free & Paid

We provide introductory information about the latest trending topic the exponential and unprecedented change in technology affects the way in which organizations develop, validate, deliver, and operate software. Hence, users must consistently innovate and restore themselves by finding the solution to optimize practices and research trends to develop and deliver high-quality software quickly. Along with these trends, there are testing solutions which have the potential to address the challenges in software testing.

Pen testing cost + app testing strategies

Latest Technology Trends in Software Testing

Here are some major trends for research parameters that are changing the face of software testing:

1. QAOps

QAOps is an emerging practice that integrates QA (Quality Assurance) into the software delivery pipelines. It necessitates the QA team to work directly with the operations team and the development team. We can attain this by integrating QA procedures, automation, and a QA reporting dashboard with the software development cycle as shown in following figure.

QAOps

  • Working with multiple teams allows you to learn and experience how different teams work. It also allows you to improve your skill level in a variety of areas. QAOps entail testing the product or a specific component of the product as soon as the update is incorporated, so the QA team does not have to wait for a new build. This assists the QA team in identifying problems early, and correcting these problems sooner rather than later can prevent further problems from occurring as a result of these defects.
  • Customers will have a better experience using your product since QAOps incorporates continuous testing. Your consumers will be far more happy with a better degree of quality and dependability than they would have been otherwise.
  • Because testing occurs on a continual basis, QAOps keeps the testing team interested. It saves the QA team from having to wait until the application is ready for another round of testing. Furthermore, because the QA staff is neither idle or bored, their morale should improve.
  • The QAOps framework improves communication between QA engineers and developers. Software developers, operational people, and everyone else engaged in the CI/CD process must collaborate closely with QA engineers.
  • QAOps support the fastest software development cycle and keep the testing team continuously engaged. The QAOps are of high quality and dependability. The QAOps reduce the execution time by adapting automation.

You can search research article related to the QAOps is available on following link

https://www.sciencedirect.com/search?qs=QAOps.&lastSelectedFacet=articleTypes

Read Also: Personality Analysis of Software Testers A Scientific Approach
2. Scriptless automation testing
  • It is a method of automating tests without developers writing coded scripts. The tools are often built on test automation frameworks such as Selenium which is a free (open-source) automated testing framework used to validate web applications across different browsers and platforms.
  • A scriptless testing tool can record a tester’s activities as it navigates through features on application screens. The tool will produce the identical test steps that you would normally write a test script for by capturing these actions. As a result, scriptless testing is restricted to interacting with UI components.  Automated UI testing is quickly becoming the new norm. This comprehensive guide dives into UI automation, one of the hottest trends in the world of Software testing. It is designed to provide you with knowledge across the broader UI test automation spectrum, including what it means, how to perform it, and the various challenges it presents. Scriptless testing is constrained by the same constraints as the test framework it employs. As a result, it may not test things like captcha, barcodes, and so on.

scriptless-testing

  • Though the term implies script-free testing, certain solutions do allow for the addition of scripts for complicated test cases.
  • Scriptless test automation enables the testers and business users to automate test cases without worrying about the coding. It helps to achieve faster results and reduces the time expended to understand the code.

Characteristics of script-less testing: 

  • Traditionally, automated testing necessitates extensive script creation, which frequently necessitates strong engineering skill sets.
  • These test scripts are easily broken as the app changes or as the app runs on multiple devices.
  • This is why scriptless automation tools are appealing.
  • They provide enterprises with a low-complexity and cost-effective way to leverage the benefits of Automated Testing without the complexity or cost of script creation.

As a result, it is critical to guarantee the following when selecting a mobile Scriptless Automation platform:

I. Test scripts may be developed in a simple “no-code” fashion.
II. The test scripts can run on a wide range of devices and operating systems without failing.
III. To avoid vendor lock-in, test scripts might be exported in an open standard e.g., Appium which is an open-source framework that allows QAs to conduct automated app testing on different platforms like Android, iOS, and Windows.

Source of research article connected to Scriptless automation testing is available on

https://www.researchgate.net/search/publication?q=Scriptless%20automation%20testing

3. Big data testing:
  • Big Data Testing can be defined as the procedure that involves examining and validating the functionality of the Big Data Applications.
  • In Big Data Testing a method that involves inspecting and testing the functionality of big data applications. “Big Data” is a massive accumulation of data that typical storage techniques cannot handle.
  • To ensure that all of its capabilities perform as planned. Big data testing ensures that the big data system functions smoothly and without errors while preserving performance and security.
  • The never-ending surge for the Creation, Storage, Retrieval and Analysis of the colossal volumes of data, triggered the motivation behind the origin of Big Data Testing.

big-data-testing

Strategy for Big Data Testing:

  • Big Data application testing is more concerned with data processing than with particular elements of the software product. The cornerstones of Big data testing include performance and functional testing.
  • QA engineers in Big Data testing approach validate the successful processing of terabytes of data utilising commodity cluster and other supporting components. Because the processing is so quick, it necessitates a high level of testing expertise. Batch, real-time, and interactive processing are all options.
  • In addition, data quality is a significant consideration in Hadoop testing. Before testing the application, it is vital to examine the data quality, which should be included in database testing.

Source of research article connected to Big data testing is available on

https://www.semanticscholar.org/search?q=big%20data%20testing&sort=relevance

Read Also: History of Software Testing Estimation Models for Cost Analysis
4. IoT testing
  • IoT testing includes functional and integration testing relevant to the specifics of distributed architectures, performance testing to check how the app handles large volumes of streaming data, security testing at the application, gateway, and IoT device levels. Because every IoT device sends and receives data over the Internet, it is critical that your IoT devices can communicate sensitive information wirelessly before coming to market.
  • As a result, many IoT companies rely on IoT automation, penetration, and performance testing solutions to uncover flaws before they reach users.
  • IoT testing ensures that IoT devices meet stated standards and perform as intended.

IoT testing

The difficulties encountered during IoT testing:

  • Both the network and internal communication must be examined.
  • Because the tasks are performed via the Internet, security and privacy are major problems in IoT testing.
  • The complexity of the software, as well as the system itself, may mask vulnerabilities or problems discovered in IoT technology.
  • Memory, processing power, bandwidth, battery life, and other factors are all limited.

Suggestions for efficient IoT testing:

  • Gray box testing and IoT testing should be conducted concurrently to allow for the creation of effective test cases. This assists us in comprehending the operating system, architecture, third-party hardware, new connections, and hardware constraints.
  • Scalability, adaptability, connection, and security are all critical for IoT and require real-time operating systems.
  • IoT testing may be automated to make it more effective.

Source of research article connected to IoT testing is available on

https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/search/searchresult.jsp?newsearch=true&contentType=conferences&queryText=IoT%20testing

5. AI & ML based Software Testing
  • AI and ML help organizations eliminate testing gaps by augmenting people’s skills and capacities to analyze real-time data.
  • The Al and Ml testing frameworks can easily identify problems, and with frequent changes to the algorithms, it is possible to find even minor errors. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML) technology are well-trained to analyse data, recognise schemes and patterns, and perform and assess tests without the assistance of humans.
  • Deep learning and artificial neural networks enable this when a computer self-educates based on specified data sets or data taken from an external source such as the web.
  • The goal of AI is to replicate human intelligence in robots and is to develop a technique for solving issues that enables software to oversee operations without the need for manual programming.

AI ML Testing

  • The latest AI and ML technologies in the digital era require a new approach to software testing while handling complex systems and functionalities. Testing AI platforms enables companies to ensure adequate security measures for their complex applications.
  • Advances in software and AI world have paved the way for Robotic Process Automation (RPA). It is the most recent technology which has the capability to re-invent the business process management landscape.
  • However, a kind of artificial intelligence known as machine learning helps robots access information and carry out diverse activities. The ML technology helps AI systems understand learning processes and derive insights.
  • Software testing uses up company resources and doesn’t improve the functioning of the programme, according to research. A new regression cycle starts when regression testing reveals a new error introduced by a revision code. Engineers are frequently required to design testing scripts for software applications, and their expertise must be on par with that of the original app’s creators.
  • Machine Learning Changing Software Testing – Software applications are constantly changing as users want additional features or business processes to be updated; however, these changes often cause automated tests to no longer work correctly.

Source of research article connected to AI & ML based Software Testing is available on https://www.mendeley.com/search/?query=AI+%26+ML+based+Software+Testing&dgcid=md_homepage

6. Shift left Software Testing
  • Software developers are being incorporated into the testing cycle earlier than ever before, movement in the testing world is commonly known as shifting left.
  • The “shift left” testing trend aims to move testing closer to the beginning of the software development process. A project can decrease the amount of problems and improve the quality of the code by testing often and early. The objective is to avoid discovering any significant defects that need for code patching during the deployment process.
  • Moving the testing phase earlier in the software development life cycle is what the shift left movement is all about. Approaches where testing is only done at the very end of the software development life cycle should be avoided. We implement testing in the early phases of software development using shifting left.

Shift Left testing

  • Shift Left is a practice intended to find and prevent defects early in the software delivery process. The idea is to improve quality by moving tasks to the left as early in the lifecycle as possible. Shift Left testing means testing earlier in the software development process.
  • A Shift Left testing approach may not always be able to deliver optimal performance and functioning in a real-world environment.

Source of research article connected to Shift left Software Testing is available on https://search.springernature.com/search?q=Shift+left+Software+Testing

7. DevOps

DevOps – is a combination of Development & Operations  it is a Software Development methodology that looks to integrate all the Software Development functions from development to operations within the same cycle. It is a modern code deployment approach that significantly helps in the collaboration and coordination among various teams and accelerates the software delivery process with faster releases.

DevOps Cycle

 

DevOps Cycle

Following figure shows the impact of DevOps on software testing

Impact of DevOps

8. Accessibility Testing

Accessibility testing is another type of software testing used to test the application from the physically challenged person’s point of view. Accessibility testing is the practice of making your web and mobile apps usable to as many people as possible.

Accessibility-Testing

This sort of software testing not only focuses on verifying app usability, but it also makes sure that the application can be used by people with many disabilities, including visual, auditory, physical, speech, cognitive, language, learning, and neurological disabilities.

Read Also: Improving Software Test Automation Using Different Algorithms
9. Regression Testing

Regression testing is a software testing practice that ensures an application still functions as expected after any code changes, updates, or improvements. Regression testing is responsible for the overall stability and functionality of the existing features.

Regression Testing

Regression testing can be performed using the following techniques:

1. Re-test All: Re-Test is one of the approaches to do regression testing. In this approach, all the test case suits should be re-executed. Here we can define re-test as when a test fails, and we determine the cause of the failure is a software fault.

2. Regression test Selection: In this technique, a selected test-case suit will execute rather than an entire test-case suit.

  • The selected test case suits divided in two cases

    A. Reusable Test cases: Reusable test cases can use in succeeding                regression cycle.
    B. Obsolete Test cases: Obsolete test cases can’t use in                                     succeeding  regression cycle.

3. Prioritization of test cases:

Prioritize the test case depending on business impact, critical and frequently functionality used. Selection of test cases will reduce the regression test suite.

10. Performance Testing

Performance Testing is a type of software testing that ensures software applications to perform properly under their expected workload. It is a testing technique carried out to determine system performance in terms of sensitivity, reactivity and stability under a particular workload.

Performance Testing

Today’s businesses become successful only if their business-critical mobile and web applications perform well under varying loads and should essentially deliver great performance.

11. User Testing

User testing is the process through which the interface and functions of a website, app, product, or service are tested by real users who perform specific tasks in realistic conditions. The purpose of this process is to evaluate the usability of that website or app and to decide whether the product is ready to be launched for real users.

users-testing

In this method, the real users test the apps by considering various real-time use cases and the feedback from these users helps in improving the application for the end-users.

Conclusion:

Software testing is a process of evaluation that either the specific system meets its originally specified requirements or not and the rise in the number of applications used by different organizations has increased the demand for software testing. This blog highlights the most trending software testing topics in research and aims to discuss the existing as well as improved software testing topics and popular platforms for the better quality assurance purposes.

The primary goal of this blog is to provide a basic introduction to trending topics as well as the research sources used for references and to help aspiring researchers in their search for researchers.

Thus, there is a strong need to adapt the latest testing trends for all the software industries in the world, which will help them to adapt to the requirements of the modern world. In face of newer and higher demand of software testing, it is necessary to constantly summarize new achievements, study fresh hotspots and propose different ideas in order to promote the study on software testing system engineering, to facilitate the rapid development on software testing field and industry.

An Analysis of the Effects of the Agile Model in Software Testing

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Software professionals are under pressure to discover and measure quality aspects including usability, testability, maintainability, and dependability as well as engineering methods that assist the creation of high-quality products with these advantageous characteristics. Like other engineering objects, the software development process has to be designed. In other words, it has to be developed, put into practise, assessed, and maintained. The finest technical and management techniques must be incorporated in a methodical manner throughout the software development process, just as in other engineering disciplines.

App Bug fixing

Agile development approaches are becoming more popular among companies that are under pressure to provide apps of a better calibre in order to remain competitive. Agile and other iterative techniques are actually taking over as the industry norm for creating applications. Agile’s ideal goal is to accelerate the delivery of the greatest amount of business value possible by putting an emphasis on people and ongoing development. Although the agile technique is typically thought of as primarily relevant to development teams, the entire organisation must adapt.

Agile development confronts businesses with two significant challenges: being flexible enough to keep up with the iterative nature of the agile approach, and providing quality and stability to applications much earlier in the development process in order to align with the business.

The fundamentals of agile testing

The fundamental tenets of agile testing are as follows:

1. Working software is the main gauge of success in this Agile testing strategy.
2. Self-organizing teams have the highest chance of success.
3. Our first aim is to consistently and promptly deliver high-quality software.
4. Daily activity gathering is required of software engineers throughout the project.
5. Increasing agility through steady technology advancement and superior design.
6. Agile testing, which offers continuous input, makes ensuring that the final product lives up to the business’s expectations.
7. The Agile Test approach requires us to carry out the testing process as we implement it, which cuts down on the amount of time needed for development.
8. The Agile testing methodology should focus on maintaining a constant development speed.
9. Regularly reflect on ways to improve your effectiveness.
10. Self-organizing teams provide the finest architectures, requirements, and designs.
11. The team evaluates and modifies its behaviour to improve efficiency at each meeting.
12. The most effective and efficient way to share knowledge within the development team is through face-to-face conversations.

Read Also: Agile Software Development Methodologies

Process of Testing Software

Software testing is a technique for confirming and validating the software; it ensures that the software/applications are executed without errors or problems. An agile model created to satisfy all technical and commercial requirements. When applied, this model may be constructed with the same qualities and will function as intended. Software testing finds program/software bugs, mistakes, and faults. The software testing procedure must include fixing these faults, mistakes, and defects. When programme updates are made, the software should be tested once again and then once more after that, until all flaws have been discovered and corrected. The testing process and the condition of the software under test are monitored and reported on during test operations.

Important flaws are checked during test planning by going over the requirements and design papers. The testing team fixes these flaws but is unable to raise the software’s quality. Prior to testing, all enhancements should be implemented into the system, therefore they should all be recorded during the coding phase of software development. If software architects and designers acquire all the improvements within a certain time limit, they will have created a good model. The design of the software or application can be improved by testing before coding.

Read Also: What is Agile Testing? Process, Methodology and Strategies

Pros and Cons of the Agile Model

Agile methodologies are now extensively used in the software industry, however they might not necessarily be appropriate for all products. The agile paradigm has the following benefits and drawbacks.

The following shows the benefits and drawbacks of the agile model:

Pros

  • Is an extremely practical method for developing software.
  • Encourages collaboration and cross-training.
  • Functionality can be quickly built and proven.
  • Minimum resource requirements.
  • Adaptable to both changing and fixed needs
  • Provides early, imperfect answers.
  • Effective model for continuously changing surroundings.
  • Few rules, simple to use documentation.
  • Allows development and delivery to occur concurrently within a larger, planned environment.
  • Requires little to no planning
  • Simple to handle
  • Provides developers with flexibility

    Cons
  • Ineffective for managing complicated dependencies.
  • A greater risk of extensibility, maintenance, and sustainability
  • Without an overarching strategy, an agile leader, and an agile PM practise, it will not succeed.
  • The scope, functionality to be supplied, and modifications to fulfil deadlines are determined by strict delivery management.
  • Relies significantly on client contact; as a result, if the consumer is unclear, the team may be led astray.
  • Since little documentation is produced, there is a great deal of individual dependence.
  • The absence of documentation may make it difficult for new team members to learn technology.
Commercial Agile Testing Methodology

Agile testing is currently widely utilised in industries since it entails close customer participation and short week cycles. Due to all these qualities, the project moves very quickly. The shortcomings of the V-Model and the Waterfall Model are eliminated, making it the optimum technique.

For projects with shifting needs and unclear project scope, it is the optimum model. Customers are more confident and satisfied with the finished product as a result of the regular customer participation at every stage, which also reduces the likelihood of future defects. Since there is client engagement throughout every cycle, the final product that is given at the conclusion of each cycle meets the criteria.

Agile testing also lowers project costs since workable products are supplied in increments after each cycle, reducing the likelihood of future defects. Additionally, this process improves communication and team trust in QA.

Due to its benefits, lower delivery costs, and other qualities in the modern industry, Agile is now a new and one of the methodologies that takes the longest to adopt.

Read Also: Agile VS DevOps: Difference between Agile and DevOps

Distinguish between Agile Testing and Waterfall Testing

The Development Life Cycle activities take place in phases that are sequential in a Waterfall Development approach. As a result, testing is a distinct phase that begins only after the development phase is over.

The key distinctions between Agile Testing and Waterfall Testing are as follows:

Sr. No. Agile Testing Waterfall Testing
1. Testing takes place concurrently with development and is not a distinct step. Testing is a different stage. Only when development is complete can testing at all levels and levels begin.
2. Developers and testers collaborate. Testing is a different stage. Only when development is complete can testing at all levels and levels begin.
3. The creation of requirements involves testers. This aids in establishing the acceptance criteria and linking requirements to behaviours in the real-world scenario. Along with the criteria, logical Acceptance Test Cases would also be prepared. It’s possible that testers are not involved in the requirements phase.
4. Acceptance after each iteration, testing is carried out, and client feedback is gathered. Acceptance Only the last stages of the project is tested.
5. Regression testing may be used whenever new functions or logic are published because each loop finishes its own testing. Regression Testing can only be put into practise once development is finished.
6. There are no wait times between coding and testing. Regular gaps of time between coding and testing
7. Testing that is on-going and involves many test levels. Test levels cannot overlap since testing is a timed activity.

Conclusions

The agile method has been in use for a while. It has proven essential in many of the intricate projects that both small and large businesses are now working on. The most creative businesses of today and future will keep pushing the boundaries of agile methods. For them, the ability to develop, plan, and carry out initiatives successfully in a fast-paced, dynamic environment will be the difference between just existing and thriving. Making the proper judgments throughout project execution as well as planning is a key component of agility.

Testing methods, skills, techniques, and equipment may need to shift in order to handle that sort of change. The mechanics of test execution are one area of software testing that does not change merely because the project team is utilising an agile strategy to build software, although certain testers may need to significantly alter their testing methodology if they are to be useful on an agile software project. Agile testers must decide what work to complete next, how to complete it, how to make it relevant to the client, and how to exercise the application in various ways to enhance their understanding of how things operate and potential risk areas.

Evolution of Software Testing & Empirical Study on Software Test Effort Estimation

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As software programming has developed over the years, testing, a crucial component of software development, has also undergone a number of modifications. The beginning of it all was the programming and debugging phases, when identifying problems during debugging was seen as testing. Testing was given a distinct identity and handled as a distinct activity from the debugging process in 1957.

Testing was viewed until the late 1970s as a process to make sure the programme met the requirements. After then, in addition to making sure the software was running properly, it was expanded to detect the faults. The testing process was also thought of as a way to gauge quality in the 1980s. As a result, it was given more significance and was handled as a process that was part of the software development life cycle and was explicitly defined and monitored. The testing procedure established its own life cycle by the middle of the 1990s.

Read Also: Difference Between Software Tester VS Developer

Better understanding of software cost estimate is required to improve the realism of software development project bids and budgets. Instead of generic software development, we wanted to see empirically supported methods for estimating software effort costs, but the research turned up only standard COCOMO models, function points, expert judgments, and a few formal models that had already been established, indicating their maturity in both academia and industry.

Automation tester job

The research is devoted to a single, unified vision for empirically based software effort cost estimation in testing, which is not addressed by the articles, publications, research, and studies. The documents a huge set of publications, innovations, and advancements in evidence-based assessment of software cost effort in verification, validation, and testing are systematically analysed through study reviews, which are crucial for their systematic analysis. Evidence-based software engineering (EBSE) is a branch of science that collects data from real-world industrial settings in order to determine the likelihood of study outcomes. Despite not always reflecting the actual practise environment, random controlled experiments are also evidence-based.

Read Also: Top 10 Websites to Learn Software Testing in 2023

The Evolution of Software Testing

In early days of software development, software testing was considered only a debugging process for removing errors after the development of software.

We can divide the evolution of software testing into the following phases;

  • Debugging oriented phase
  • Demonstration oriented phase
  • Destruction oriented phase
  • Evaluation oriented phase
  • Prevention oriented phase
  • Process oriented phase

Debugging oriented phase:- 

This stage represents the initial testing phase. The fundamentals weren’t recognised back then. Programmers wrote programmes and then tested them until they were certain that all flaws were fixed. Checkout, a word for testing that concentrated on getting the system to function, was used.

Demonstration oriented phase:-

In this stage, debugging kept going. It is understood in 1957 that the goal of checkout is not only to execute the software but also to show that it complies with the stated criteria. As a result, the range of the programme check-up expanded from programme runs to programme accuracy.

Destruction oriented phase:-

Here, the definition of testing was altered to “testing is to detect more and more errors” rather than “testing is to prove the absence of errors.” In this stage, the value of early testing was also recognised.

Evaluation oriented phase:-

In this stage, emphasis is placed on software product quality so that it can be assessed at every level of development.
When compared to issues discovered during the implementation or post-implementation phases, it was less expensive to troubleshoot problems that were discovered early in the development process.

Prevention oriented phase:-

The evaluation model stressed on concept of bug prevention as compared to earlier concept of bug-detection.
With the idea of early detection of bugs in earlier phases, we can prevent the bugs in implementation.

Process oriented phase:-

In this stage of the software development life cycle, testing was developed as a full procedure rather than a single stage (executed after coding)
The testing procedure begins as soon as a project’s requirements are established and proceeds concurrently with the SDLC (Software Development Life Cycle)

Software testing 1.0:-

In the SDLC, software testing was only seen as a single phase that came after coding. There was no test organisation. There were a few testing tools available, but their usage was restricted by their high price.
There was no high standard.

Software testing 2.0:-

Software testing started to take centre stage in this phase of the SDLC, and early testing became a thing. Numerous testing tools were also available at this time since testing was moving toward resource planning.

Software testing 3.0:-

Software testing is now evolving into a procedure that is focused on strategic effort. It implies that there should be a procedure that provides us with a general roadmap for the testing process. Goals for quality should be the driving force. In this phase, management is actively involved.

 Software Testing Epoch:-

During this time, development and testing were viewed as mutually independent tasks. The testing team received the programme after it was finished and verified it. During the requirement analysis phase, testers were not very actively involved and only sometimes interacted with business stakeholders. They were primarily reliant on information that was imparted to them through documentation created during design and development or learning from programmers who developed the code.

The testing team’s adoption of restricted testing methodologies was a result of their lack of understanding of the needs and expectations of the clients. Based on their comprehension of the documentation, the testers would create a test plan and conduct ad-hoc testing of the programme. It is clear that there were certain restrictions, and the testing was not exhaustive. Testing developed, and the next phase was the period of exploratory and manual testing.

Manual Testing and Exploration:-

Agile testing, exploratory testing, and other approaches became popular in the late 1990s. Manual testing was carried out with the use of thorough test designs and test cases. By examining the programme within the scope of testing charters, exploratory testing allowed users to test and break software in their own unique ways. The software development process needs more sophisticated testing methods due to its rapid and extensive growth. Agile testing’s gradual and iterative methodology contributed to the accomplishment of this objective. The repetitious tests those were able to be automated thanks to iterative testing.

The Age of Automation:-

Numerous fresh ideas that emerged with the turn of the millennium completely transformed software testing. These methods completely altered how testing was done. The SDLC was now considered to include testing at every stage. Quality control and assurance have become more important at every stage.

Automation raised the bar for testing significantly. The testers were further given the tools they needed to do their duties more effectively thanks to the abundance of automated testing frameworks. Automation made it possible to quickly and accurately carry out sanity and regression tests.

The testing procedure needed to be scaled up throughout this time period as well. The firm was able to manage product testing more quickly and with less infrastructure expenditure thanks to crowdsourcing and cloud testing.

The Continuous Testing

Customers now anticipated seeing an early functioning prototype of the finished product as the business dynamics started to shift. As a result, there was an increase in demand for regular and basic software releases. High connection and faster testing and deployment times across many platforms were made possible by enhanced network infrastructure.

This made delivery more frequent, which unintentionally resulted in additional testing effort. Continuous Integration and Continuous Deployment become well-known concepts. Continuous testing also acquired significance along with these. Shorter delivery cycles resulted from the rise of DevOps and CI/CD. It became essential to carefully evaluate threats in real time. At every level of the software development life cycle, risk assessment and management were required.

The business stakeholders expected intermediate releases under strict deadlines without sacrificing the final product’s quality. Continuous testing required to advance to become more effective in order to keep up with these expectations. This is where utilising artificial intelligence in testing comes into play.

A New Age of Artificial Intelligence:-

Artificial intelligence, put simply, is the ability of a computer to mimic human behavior through perception, comprehension, and learning.

The predictive analysis of data serves as the foundation for AI systems. This also implies that data is crucial for AI testing.
Today, a variety of testing solutions driven by AI are available to assist with unit testing, API testing, UI testing, etc. Visual testing is a prime illustration of how AI is used in testing.

 

Read Also: Optimum Software Developer to Software Tester Ratio?

app testing

What is Test Estimation?

For a specific software testing project in a specific environment utilising certain methodologies, tools, and techniques, test estimation is the estimation of the testing size, testing effort, testing cost, and testing timeline.

1. Estimation, which was previously defined in the topic
2. Testing Size – The quantity (amount) of testing that must be done. Sometimes, especially in embedded testing (where testing is integrated into the software development activity itself), this may not be estimated.
3. Testing Effort – The number of person days or person hours required to carry out the tests
4. Testing Cost – the costs associated with conducting tests, including the cost of human labour
5. Testing Schedule – the number of days or months in a calendar year required to conduct the tests.

Conclusion

Because it depends on the complexity and efforts employed for the specific product, the effort calculator is crucial for cost prediction as well as the ratio of testers to developers. The amount of time the product takes also matters a lot. Nowadays, automated and AI-based testing is a common technique, but as my research shows, all modern techniques are based on manual testing.

Because it depends on the complexity and efforts employed for the specific product, the effort calculator is crucial for cost prediction as well as the ratio of testers to developers. The amount of time the product takes also matters a lot.

To overcome the problem of software test effort estimation Testbytes creates a test effort calculator for cost estimation, which is used to estimate the amount and time frame required for testing your software. The Testbytes software test effort calculator is designed for specification and user preferences.

The test cost calculator has many domains, such as banking and finance, telecom, e-commerce, etc. The cost calculator is platform-independent, i.e., you can select web, mobile, or both platforms at the same time. The total number of testing cycles required for the entire process determines the final cost.

What is the Optimum Software Developer to Software Tester Ratio?

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How many testers are required to test a product? This seems like the start of a comedy, yet it’s a serious question. Quality assurance is an essential job, especially in today’s age of “release early, release frequently.”

People look for quality in every piece of art they come across. Quality has also invaded the realm of software development, where it is critical to properly test the software system at various stages of testing. Nowadays, competition is fierce and the frequency of changes in platforms and business needs is also significant. So, for a programme to be reliable and useful in the long term, it must be supported and updated depending on current requirements.

Software testing is one of the major tasks undertaken at every firm to deliver value and quality, as well as to assure the marketability of software products.

A variety of things influence what a decent tester-developer ratio should be. Consider whether you are working on cutting-edge technology or a legacy product, your team members’ ability and experience, and the release cadence you are required to maintain. The reality is that there are several ratios that may be used, but each has advantages and disadvantages.

Read Also: Difference Between Software Tester VS Developer

Why should you employ a developer-to-tester Ratio?

These questions can aid in determining the testing process’ balance and efficacy. It may be better to utilise the developer-to-tester ratio as a matric to alter the testing process and workload in a test organisation rather than to estimate staffing levels before making team sizing decisions based only on numbers of people.

Let’s start with a developer-to-tester ratio examples.

Tester: 1 Developer

When you have developers who don’t know much about testing and testers who don’t know much about development, the 1:1 ratio is ideal. A developer and tester team can collaborate to deploy a new feature, and since they are both so focused on that one item, they may be able to uncover and solve all of the flaws. The developer, on the other hand, is unlikely to contribute to any test automation, and the tester is likely to be the only one who understands how to run and repair the automation. This means that if the feature is ever developed further, the tester will become a bottleneck, slowing down the job.

1 Tester: 2 Developers

This ratio is appropriate for a feature that requires both front-end and back-end development. The tester may be in charge of testing the integration of the front and back ends. These three, like the 1:1 ratio, will become the feature’s specialists. However, this might lead to silos, making it impossible for someone else to come in later in the project and assist with the task.

Read Also: Quality Assurance (QA) vs Quality Control (QC)

2 Testers: A team of Developers

This is a pretty regular occurrence. The testers can split the tales to be tested based on their skill set and availability. If both testers are competent and organised, they should be able to keep up with both manual and automated testing. They can also trade features to determine if one tester missed an issue discovered by the other. This ratio, however, can occasionally result in bottlenecks when a product requires extensive testing or when one tester is on vacation.

1 Tester: A development team

In this case, the tester takes on the role of “quality coach.” They are not in charge of all of the testing or test automation. They advise and coach developers on what should be tested and automated. Quality is thus owned by the entire team. When the tester is unavailable, the developers can fill the void by making test plans and checking each other’s work. Because developers contribute to and assist maintain the automated tests, test automation is never a bottleneck.

0 Testers: A development team

Some may squirm at the thought, but a team of highly skilled software engineers is capable of performing all of their own testing. To be successful, developers must grasp the value of exploratory testing and how to design test strategies. They must understand what kind of tests should be automated and they must commit to maintaining their test code with the same care that they do for their production code.

Although they will do preliminary testing on their own features, they will also form “test buddy” pairings in which one developer will act as the tester for the work of another developer.

They will have two sets of eyes on each feature and will be more likely to catch bugs this way. These ratios all share a few characteristics. First and foremost, at least one member of the team must be an expert in testing. These abilities are required to locate elusive bugs.

Following that, effective communication skills are required. There is no “throwing software over the wall to be tested.” Instead, testers and developers collaborate. Finally, there is the willingness to work as part of a team. Both testers and developers must be willing to step up and perform testing duties, whether or not it is part of their allocated function. When all three of these elements are present on a team, any of these ratios can lead to success.

Discussion

The tester-to-developer ratio varies slightly depending on estimated costs. The cost estimation is primarily determined by the type of firm client; it will differ for various service providers, such as healthcare, e-commerce, the automation industry, and so on.

The effort calculator plays an important role for the estimation of cost as well as the ratio of the tester to developer because it depends upon the complexity and efforts used for the particular product. The time consumed by the product also plays a key role.

Read Also: Salary of Developer vs Tester : Who Earns More?

To roughly estimate the number of testers required for future projects, the ratio of testers to developers on previous projects in a well-known domain can be utilised in conjunction with a study of impacts on the relative number of testers vs. developers. When details about the functioning and features of the proposed project are unknown, or when a rapid estimate is required but a wide margin of error is allowed, this technique is most helpful.

Conclusion

The developer-to-tester ratio varies greatly amongst companies. The term “industry average” may not even be a reasonable starting point. This measure may be more useful in enhancing your testing procedure than in hiring your team. With the correct mix of people, tools, and procedures, you can execute effective testing even in high-ratio circumstances.

how much does penetration test cost

The balance also varies based on the company’s present stage. In the early stages of a software startup, the focus is on prototyping, hacking, and generating tested minimum viable products rather than production level development. When the entire workforce is less than five full-time equivalents, they may do without a specialised software quality assurance department and spread the load of testing their programme between themselves and their early customers/ testers.

It is difficult to explain the tester-to-developer ratio because each company’s position and requirements are unique and dependent on their needs. basically the ratio is dependent upon the complexity of a particular product, and no interface is established to give an accurate number for the ratio. Testbyte proposed a cost calculator that is useful for everything related to software development and testing, providing cost estimation, tester-to-developer ration, and total time required to complete the product or task.

In conclusion, estimating testing based on ratios of testing to development workers is a problem that cannot be solved and any organisation that is presented with such a solution should seriously consider its validity.

Software Testing Tutorial For Beginners

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We are sure you are here because you want to know what software testing tutorial is all about and how will it take you to the next level of your career. Before we start, software testing methodologies of verifying and validating that all the bugs/faults in a software product are resolved and is fit for use by the end user.

Software testing doesn’t just stop at fixing all the bugs, but building a strategy that can improve the products usability, accuracy and reliability. In this blog, we’ll help you understand the concepts and techniques involved in the process which will certainly help you to decide if this is the right profession you are looking for.
software testing tutorial
Software testing can be divided into two paces:

  1. Validation
  2. Verification

Validation is referring to various types of pre-specified tasks to ensure it matches with the customers’ requirements. It involves tasks like automated testing, running scripts and checking functional dependencies.
Whereas, Verification refers to checking the tasks that make the product actually run in its real-time. It involves reviewing the test cases, inspections, and documentation

Some key differences are as follows:

S. No               Validation           Verification
1 Does the final product actually meet what was proposed? Is the product built with respect to the requirements?
2 Automated & Manual Testing Document reviews, inspections and walk-throughs
3 Execution of application required Does not require execution of software

Types of Software Testing
If you ever had to visit a training institute or an interview, you certainly must have heard the terms automation and manual testing. Well, that’s nothing but types of testing. So let us classify these two:
Manual Testing:

Manual testing is the process undertaken by a tester himself to check if the systems perform as expected. In other words, the testing is done without using any automated tool or script.
The Manual Tests include a set of test cases defined by the tester and then each case is verified for their respective functions. To do this, the tester has to follow some steps:

  • Requirement Analysis

To successfully run manual tests, you should first know what the application is all about and what output is expected from its behaviors. For this, you need to analyze its requirements and study it thoroughly. By doing this you will know what you are testing and makes reaching your goal a lot easier.

  • Writing Test Cases:

A well-written test case allows you to understand and run the tests with ease. It is like a guide that supports you during your testing process. There are many software’s now that allows you to tip down those cases. While you write the tests, make sure you think like an end-user. After-all you are testing it for them.

  • Regulate the Test Cases

Once you are done writing all test cases, it’s time for executing each one of them. Jot down the “Passed”, “Failed” and “Skipped” tests and leave the rest for the developers to fix.

  • Logging of Bugs

Once you identify the state of the bugs, make sure you follow a proper medium to communicate them to the developing team. A lot of developers prefer using the Mozilla Bugzilla, which is an add-on to the browser.

  • Reporting

The final steps expect you to report any additional assumptions and conditions which couldn’t be marked. Also mention suggestions to improve validations and processes.
Automation Testing


Automation testing, as the named suggests, is automated. It differs from manual testing in a way that uses automated scripts for running the test cases. It is a boon in today’s testing market.
Automated tests are basically conducted on large projects, which otherwise would consume a lot of time in manual. Some companies also run automation after the manual to make sure all the test cases are covered. Follow the below steps before proceeding with your automation tests.

  1. Learn and decide what tests to automate
  2. Test as often as you can
  3. Selecting the right tool for automation
  4. Make sure each test has its own contribution towards the efforts.
  5. Have quality data in hand
  6. Create automated scripts that can accommodate changes in the UI

When should you opt for automation testing
Always go for test automation if:

  1. The project is large and complex
  2. The project requires continues testing for the same area
  3. Time constraints
  4. The software is stable with respect to manual tests.

Tools for automation tests:

The Techniques of Software Testing
Believing you now have a clear idea of what software testing and its types are, let’s see the techniques used. There are 2 techniques defined in software testing:
1. Black-Box Testing
Black Box Testing deals with the internal working of the system where only the system coder has access to the source code. Hence, while testing, the tester has to perform the tests under the guidance of the developing team for inputs and outputs.
Black box testing clearly separates the tester’s and developer’s point of view to look at the software.  Hence is well-suited for large code segments of the project. But certainly, this complicates the designing of test cases.
2. White-Box Testing
White Box testing deals with the program logic and structure of working. For this, you need to first understand the internal working of the code, which is easier than working with the code.
Since the user has an understanding of how the code functions, it’s easier to identify the data to be tested. That’s why it’s also called as glass-box testing or open-box testing.
Levels Of Testing
During testing, you come across various levels of steps. In this section let’s have a brief look at these.
The Levels are divided into 2

  • Functional Testing
  • Non-Functional Testing

Functional Testing
Functional testing is performed when the actual software development is taking place ensuring that all its requirements are met. Not to forget, the test is performed only when a piece of the module is complete.
The process involves 5 steps:

  1. Defining the functionality to be checked
  2. Creating the test cases
  • Comparing the output based on the test cases
  1. Execution of test cases and writing scenarios
  2. Comparing the actual and expected results

Functional testing can be performed by the following tests:
1) Unit Testing: The tests are conducted before the program is handed to the testing team for executing test cases
2)Integration Testing: This testing is done by putting together parts of the application to determine if they together functional properly.
3) System Testing: This testing tests the whole system as one. Once all the system components are integrated, it is checked for the working on specified quality standards.
4) Regression Testing: Many times, when there is an unplanned bug in the system testing, there are possibilities that it might have affected or will affect other components in the system. In such a case, regression testing is carried out.
5) Acceptance testing: Considered as one of the important tests in the functional testing phase, acceptance testing is done purely by the Quality Assurance team. They check it for the final specification meeting the requirements.
6) Alpha Testing: A test conducted by the QA team and the developers, which combines all of the above tests for a final review before it’s tested by the end-users.
7) Beta Testing: The final test before its release, the beta test is done by a chosen audience. The audience may be any non-technical team or a group of new users. The application is run in real-time to check the application runs as expected.
Non-functional Testing
Non-functional testing deals with bugs that are caused by any external factors like network, database processing, client-side downtime, etc. The non-functional testing types include:
1) Performance Testing
Identifies any performance issues that affect the speed, stability, and reliability of the application. Performance testing can be further divided into Load testing and Stress testing based on its qualitative and quantitative aspects.
2) Security Testing
As the name implies, security testing checks for flaws related to the security of the program. It includes confidentiality, validations for inputs, attacks due to SQL insertions, scripting and virus attacks, etc.
Conclusion

So the reason is much simpler now, you know what you deserve in a tester’s career. So if you are a beginner, make sure you understand all the aspects of testing well before jumping in. We will be happy if you are even halfway through to deciding your career in testing. Take your first step towards being an excellent tester.

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Why Testers Should Focus on Adaptability?

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Apart from your technical knowledge, a lot of soft skills also play an important role in paving a way to your successful software testing career. Adaptability is one of those.
What is adaptability?
Adaptability refers to the skill to change your action plan according to changing conditions.
Adaptability is not only adjusting or changing as per some situation, it includes the ability to bring changes keeping the process running smoothly, and without any key obstacles and delays.

An adaptable person is also defined as:

  • Empathetic
  • Resilient
  • Team player
  • Creative problem solver
  • Open minded
  • Good listener

With the highly dynamic and ever-evolving business, it becomes very important for employees to adapt to the changing demands of this business.
You can have new requirements coming in, or there could be a requirement change or change in the deadlines or an unexpected bug that might require further investigation; all these situations demands you to be very flexible to adapt to new changes.
This adaptability becomes even more important for the testers.
Why is adaptability even more important for testers?
Business scenarios have become very dynamic in the past few decades. Technology, methodology and business environment keeps evolving every now and then. The software field is even more dynamic and evolving, hence it becomes very important for the software testers to be very adaptable to have a stable career.
Here are a few reasons that focus on the importance of adaptability for the testers.
Changing software business models: software business is very dynamic and keeps changing every now and then.
For the past few decades, we have gradually witnessed the software business model changing for products to services. Not only this, there are many other changes that software business has witnessed in the near past.
All these changes ultimately bring a vast change in the working mode of the testers. And hence makes it very important for the testers to be adaptable to these changing business models to let the work progress smoothly without any delays and obstacles.
Changing requirements: Software industry is very prone to changing requirements by the stakeholders.
With every change in their business model, a change in corresponding software is made and this sometimes it becomes an on-going process with multiple requirement changes showing up for the same piece of code.
A tester has to be ready to accept these changes and adapt them to this dynamic requirement changes for delivering his best potential.
Changing technology: Technology these days seems to be changing with a blink of an eye. What was dominant yesterday might not even be an option., the testers need to learn to adapt to new technologies.
There was a time when manual testing was the only option, then came in automatic testing, which became the need of the time and now the automatic testing is gradually being replaced by codeless automatic testing.
To stay in the testing field, the testers have to learn to adapt to these changing technologies.
Varied timelines: The timeliness could be very different for you for the same piece of work. In your last project, you might have completed the same task in 2 days, but for some other project, you might have to complete the same task within a day.
Not even that, in the same project you might have quite lavishly completed the first round of testing, but because of some defect, you might have to rush for the second round. You need to be very adaptable as per the timeliness are concerned.
Dealing with different peers and clients: When in a team, you might have to deal with various different types of peers and your clients might also vary.
Their way of thinking and acting might be very different from one and another. But for you as a good tester, you are required to deal with them equally keeping in mind their nature and knowledge.
You have to adapt to different kind of people you come across in your work.
What are the characteristics of adaptable Testers?
Your characteristics that define that you are adaptable:

  • Intellectual flexibility: you should be capable of assimilating new information to draw a conclusion from it.
  • Being Receptive: you should have a positive attitude towards learning new things to achieve your targets.
  • Creativity: you should always be in a state of experimenting with new things and finding out new ways to deal with challenges.
  • Adapting behavior: you should always be ready to adopt new methods and processes to get better results.


What are the qualities of an adaptable tester?

  • Have to be ready with an alternate solution in case the prior doesn’t seem profitable.
  • should not be scared to take up the responsibility of urgent projects
  • should be ready to explore new roles and responsibilities
  • Must remain poised and calm in difficult situations
  • Have to look out for better options to get maximum profits and best results
  • Should be able to easily to adapt to new ways of working
  • Ought to be flexible when it comes to reallocating their priorities
  • Must possess a positive attitude always.

How to evaluate adaptability of a tester in an interview?
you can test a tester’s adaptability by presenting a question like, how they handled some past situations like how they responded when a long-time process was changed or how they dealt with a difficult peer or a client.
An adaptable tester will not say withering things about others, and will constructively describe both perspectives.
Now, when you know how important it is for a tester to be adaptable, it is time to inculcate adaptability in yourself.
All you need is an open mind and a positive attitude and you will be soon able to adapt to different working scenarios with ease.  Good Luck!

Poor QA Can Be A Thanos Snap For Your Business

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Thanos shook the world with his snap in the 4th Avenger movie Infinity War. He has successfully managed to decimate half of the world with the power of the infinity gauntlet.  Even though it’s a movie, for the first time the world witnessed the victory of a villain in a superhero flick. The same became the main USP for the movie.
However, what Thanos has done can happen to your business in no time if your company is not concerned about Quality Analysis.
The only difference here is there is no End Game to rectify the damage since this is real life.
So what exactly is QA and why is it so crucial? let’s find out!
********End Game Spoiler Alert! ********

Reality Check!
We don’t have a time machine to reverse the damage that has been done. There is no Tony Stark to make it happen, there is no Captain America, Black Widow, Bruce Banner, Ant-man and Hawk-Eye to travel to the past and make it all right.  All we have is the proper methodology and practices to make sure that nothing goes wrong.
Let’s imagine Thanos and his accomplices as potential bugs in any software. They will cause trouble and can be catastrophic to your business.
But you will not get an End Game to correct everything. You have to make sure that you find Thanos eliminate him in the infinity war itself with the help of a team that has the capability of doing so.
The Thanos Snap, Poor QA, How does it affect your business?

  • Low Revenue
  • Losing credibility in public view
  • Increase in production cost
  • Wastage of resources
  • Late product delivery and as a result, poor customer review
  • Reworking cost

Let’s have a look at the most effective way to track bug in any software

  • Always make sure that the process that you are adopting for bug tracking supports the end goal
  • Rely on a tool that suits well with the process
  • Do not throw all at once to your team. Remember they are on a mission make sure that they are focussed and task allocation in such a way that it’s easy on them
  • Your bug tracking database can also work as a scheduling tool for many aspects related to testing
  • Make sure that the defects have been detailed well in the report
  • Learn about multiple bug tracking methodologies and adopt one that you think as effective
  • Time allocated on tasks should be perfect, not up anymore not up any less
  • Do not have vague exit criteria. Make sure that the validation for changes that you have prescribed is satisfactory.

The correct process involved in Quality Analyses

  1. Requirement gathering – Clear idea about the requirement of the project will be written in an understandable format
  2. Test strategy formation – Strategy is essential for efficient QA and to make sure that the stakeholder is confident.
  3. Test planning – Once testers have the basic requirements. Test strategy will be implemented
  4. Test Execution – This is the process where bug and defect tracking and documenting them takes place.
  5. Before release testing – counter checking of implemented changes happens in this phase


Tips from Nick Fury! How to choose the best QA team?

  • Each project requires a unique approach and methodology.
  • Make sure that the personnel involved in the testing has deep-rooted knowledge about the product and methodology that’s about to be adopted for the project

  • Communication skill is very important to make sure that all the testers can communicate well between each other and with you
  • IP (intellectual property protection) is one of the most important aspects of any team.
  • Make sure that the outsourcing company you are relying on will not disclose any detail about your product
  • Make sure that the testers are flexible to various conditions.
  • They should be well-acquainted with various process and methodology of testing and must be able to combine real-life scenarios with product testing.
  • Make sure that the testers can understand the requirements well.

A Comprehensive Blog about Apex Testing

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What is Apex?

Apex is a robust OOPs (Object Oriented Programming) language which is developed by Salesforce.com and used to develop Salesforce platforms. Developers can execute the flow and transaction control statements on the Salesforce servers in integration with calls to APIs.

Apex enables developers to add business logic to system events, like button clicks, by using syntax which is easy to understand for people with prior knowledge of Java. The Apex application programing interface allows developers to use data present on Salesforce.com. It also permits developers to access the backend databases and client-server interfaces of Salesforce.com and create Software as a Service (SaaS) applications.

The applications created using Apex are hosted on the Salesforce.com servers and do not require any installations on the user’s PC.

Why do you need to test Apex?

Like any other language and software development process, testing plays an important part in Apex application development as well. It is very essential to test software to ensure that it executes successfully and generates the expected output. This helps you deliver the best software to your customer’s increases your credibility.

Apex applications can be tested in 2 ways: first is by testing the user interface, the second is by testing its bulk functionality. You need to keep testing the Apex application after adding new functionality or upgrading the features of the application to ensure that no regressions are generated after the upgradation.

You must ensure these things before you deploy your code for the Salesforce AppExchange server:

  • 75% of your Apex code must be covered by unit testing and the tests must be executed successfully
  • The tests you perform must cover all the triggers
  • The classes and triggers used in your Apex code must compile successfully

Remember the following things:

  • All the unit tests in your organization namespace are executed by default when you deploy the Apex code
  • The test methods and test classes are not a part of the Apex code
  • You need to ensure that all the use cases of your application are covered when you perform unit testing. This way you will be able to test 75% of the Apex code efficiently.
  • Salesforce makes sure to run all Apex tests before any upgrades on behalf of the developer through a process called Apex Hammer. It does so in order to make verify that the functionality or the results do not get altered due to any upgradations. During the Apex Hammer process the issues found are fixed immediately and perfected before the upgrade id released.

What to test in Apex Testing?

There are few factors that you need to test your Apex code for:

  • Single action

You need to test and verify that every single record generates the expected output which is correct. This can be done by performing unit tests to check specific actions.

  • Bulk Functionality

Another thing you need to test during Apex testing is the bulk functionality of the code. Bulk actions may include trigger, class or an extension.

  • Positive behavior tests

Positive behavior tests need to be performed in order to ensure that the code generate expected output corresponding to very expected input. In this test the input values are kept within some limits and the code is tested for known values to check for expected behavior.

  • Negative behavior tests

Every application has a certain limitation to the inputs that it can take. In negative behavior tests the Apex code is tested for input values which are out of the limits to check the error messages that will be displayed in such cases.

  • Restricted test

You also need to test the code under restricted environment to check how it will perform when a user with limited access to application resources uses the application. The restrictions can include a limited access to objects or methods.

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Apex Testing

Apex testing process is quite similar to any other testing methods for web based applications. Testes need to have clear knowledge of the system under test so that they can focus on testing the core functionality of the application in detail by using different techniques instead of sticking to the features offered by Salesforce.

The apex code can only be written in a Sandbox environment and it needs to be deployed into a production environment in order to be tested. All the tests in Apex testing are performed in a production.

Unit Testing in Apex

Unit testing is performed on every single action to make sure that each unit of code performs efficiently and produces expected results. The most astounding feature of the Apex testing framework is that it will enable you to create and execute tests on all the classes as well as triggers on the Lightning platform. This confirms that the code is of high quality and meets customer requirement and specifications.

Benefits of Apex unit testing:

  • It ensures that 75% of the apex code is tested and executed
  • It verifies that all the classes and triggers work as expected and produce the desired output
  • Allows the creation of quality applications that meet all the customer expectations
  • Unit tests help in meeting code coverage requirements for deploying the code to production

The apex unit testing you need to develop separate test classes for each test case.

What are test classes?

In Apex unit testing, code coverage is performed with the help of test classes. The test classes are sections or units of code that test each unit for its correct and efficient functioning.

This is how you can create test classes:

1. Create the data

You first need to create the data for the test class. You need to provide this test class access to the organization data as it cannot access this data by default. If you set @isTest(seeAllData= True) the test class will be able to access the organization data.

2. Use @is Test

You need to the @isTest annotation to specify that the test class will not be considered against the total code limit of the organization.

3. the methods with ‘testMethod’ keyword

The test methods in apex unit testing do not take arguments, commit data to the database, do not send any emails and are declared with the testMethod keyword. They can also be declared with the isTest annotation in the method definition.

4. Starting and stopping the tests

The test classes can be controlled by using the Test.startTest() and Test.stopTest() classes. These classes contain the event or action which can invoke test classes and stop them as well.

5. .assert()

This method is used to compare the expected output with the actual output that is produced.

Challenges faced while performing Apex testing

Creating apex applications is not a simple task and testing the apex code is even more complicated. Here are some of the challenges that you may face while performing Apex testing:

  • Through apex programming advanced applications are created for Salesforce or server cloud console, and testing them is not an easy task.
  • For Lightning framework user interface all the classic tests need to be recreated.
  • As mentioned earlier, there are two ways of testing Apex code: GUI test and bulk functionality test. The GUI test does not work when the code is shifted to a test environment.
  • The standard functionalities cannot be removed even if they are not in use.
  • The automated test should work in all the test environment
  • Creating field locators for the Salesforce screen can prove to be a difficult task as the field IDs differ from organization to organization.

Best Practices for Apex testing

  • The best way to conduct apex test is by using real user profiles. This way you can find all the faults from the user’s perspective
  • You should prepare the test data to verify the reports functionality
  • You should test the apex code using all the testing methods including: unit tests, GUI test, regression testing, system testing, function testing and integration testing.
  • You should pay special attention to the visual force pages which are dynamic in nature to make sure that all the elements are able to load asynchronously
  • You need to perform automation testing by using tools like Selenium and HP unified functional testing
  • You must determine the limitations to the input in order to perform positive and negative testing
  • If the code includes conditions and ternary operations you must test each possibility and condition separately to ensure that the application deliver the most efficient output in every situation
  • You must ensure that apart from the apex code being error free it should also not generate any exception.
  • Always compare the actual output with the expected output by using the System.assert method
  • You must always perform the bulk functionality test by using at least 20 records in the test.
  • Create the required test data for your test classes
  • Always test all the classes in you apex code separately. It is a bad practice to test the entire application in a single test as detecting errors becomes very difficult once the system is complete.

This was a guide to Apex testing. You need to have knowledge about the Apex language in order to be able to test apex code efficiently and resolve the errors that are encountered.

 

The Absolute Necessity of UX Testing: Best Practices, Tools & Methodology

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We make inquiries. We take notes. We get the hang of all that we can about the targeted prospects, and afterward repeatedly test our work all through the design procedure.
So, User Experience, or UX, is the observation or response a client has when in connection with the design of a product or service. This insight would make him or her either needs to have a recurrent affair or wince at the possibility of having this experience once more.
The process is also called Usability Testing.
UX Testing process is basically a kind of product testing where, a little set of target end-users, of a product framework, “utilizes” it to uncover usability errors.

The testing chiefly centers around the ease of use of the user to utilize the application/product, adaptability in managing controls and capacity of the framework to meet its goals.
What Methodologies and Practices to Apply for an Effective UX Testing Process?

  • Planning

In this stage, the objectives of UX testing are resolved. Having a workforce sit before your system and recording their activities isn’t an objective.
You have to decide basic functionalities and goals of the framework. You have to appoint errands to your UX testers, which practice these basic functionalities.
Also, during this stage, the UX testing technique, demographics, and the number of UX testers, test report plans are additionally decided.

  • Focus Groups

Focus groups are an attempted and genuine strategy for correspondence between the users and tester. In a focus group, you unite 6 – 12 users to examine issues and worries about the traits of a User Interface.
The group ordinarily keeps going around 2 hours and is controlled by a moderator who manages up the focus of the group.
Focus groups can be a useful asset in framework development. This strategy can enable you to inspect both user’s needs and emotions before the design of a product and long after its launch.
In the mobile application or website development, the best possible job of focus groups isn’t to evaluate design usability. However, to find what clients need from the product – their own preferences and ideas.
Remember, it is suggested to run over one focus group, as the result of one session may not be symbolic.

  • Tree Testing

The tree testing is a powerful technique that gives a sharp perspective to both the user experience designer as well as your business.
It enables you to look at how well users collaborate and discover products or components in the website chain of command.
It encourages you to comprehend what points in the hierarchy require work depending on where the client staggered.
This testing methodology permits a halfway reality check. The methodology uncovers whether your data design structure is effectively understandable.
A fundamental paper-print strategy can serve for this; however, now there is software accessible for tree testing too.

  • Prototype testing

Design prototype testing can be utilized for testing an entire workflow of the user in a wireframe or an entirely designed segment of an item before it goes into the development phase.
It will regularly be alluded to as beginning period testing. A UX designer will make the prototype and structure work processes.
Design prototype testing will help with settling usability problems before the starting of development engineering. A few rules to follow when beginning a design prototype test are:

  • Characterize the objectives and budget for the testing process.
  • It is best to depend on beginning phase tests to uncover particular zones that may require upgrades.
  • Pick a right prototyping tool. There are many prototyping tools available that UX designer may utilize.
  • Pick a measuring device for the prototype to accumulate analytics from the users. The QA team handling the test should get comfortable with this device and figure out how to calculate the testing.

Moderated Usability Testing
Moderated usability testing is drilled by experts hoping to get reviews from live clients. Amid a moderated test, moderators are live with test members (either remotely or face to face), encouraging them through undertakings, noting their inquiries, and answering their reviews continuously.

Also Read: CRM Testing: Goals, What and How to Test?

Live correspondence with test members is a quality of this kind of testing, since nothing beats watching members progressively, and having the capacity to make examining inquiries about what they are doing.
Moderated usability tests are prescribed amid the design stage – when a group has a design that hasn’t yet been entirely created.
You can run a moderated usability test to locate the potential concerns of your working model. By watching members responses on your model, you can assemble baseline data that can spare you from investing a considerable amount of time on the design and development process of a product that is hard to utilize.

  • Unmoderated Usability Testing

This methodology is suggested when you require a substantial specimen of results.
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This type of testing is usually led through a platform or a site that records the session tracks metrics and randomizes groups and tasks.
A portion of the accessible tools can get you results in as lesser as a couple of hours so you can keep the development procedure continuous.

  • Take Notes

You should make notes while testing or analyze the recordings and take notes later. Select a way that is most convenient for you.
You must note everything that the member is doing: what they say and where they go. Also, note timestamps and quotes for significant things. Furthermore, search for verbal signs and facial prompts if in person.
Keep in mind: Abstain from making a decision about what is a problem and what isn’t. Doing this while taking notes adds to the note taker’s inclination.
Consider yourself to be a copyist, taking notes without handling the data. This practice supports to gather increasingly and close to genuine information.
Best Tools Available for UX Testing
In one day, you have covered the specific peak of the UX testing process, but a chunk of that peak becomes bigger and bigger consistently. So, one question always pops up on the UX tester’s mind is the place where can I discover more and better UX tools for testing process?
We’ve listed 5 of the best tools you can use for UX testing.
Microsoft Inclusive Design
This toolbox as the name suggests has attention on the Inclusive design, yet as they appropriately bring up, the designing for individuals with inabilities indeed results in structures that benefit individuals all around.
Incorporated into the toolbox are comprehensive design standards to follow such as learning from diversity, videos showing inclusive design in action, activity cards describing case studies and tools.
IDEO Design Kit
The IDEO Design Kit is an extraordinary tool from IDEO, a standout amongst other known and regarded design firms out there.
Inside the pack, you can discover ‘Mindsets,’ which enable sketch main design standards to follow, alongside models for design strategies and case studies indicating how ‘human-centered design’ has driven actual outcomes.
IDEO basically talks about human-centered design, instead of user-centered design.
Design Practice Methods
The Design Practice Methods site is by the RMIT University, an international University of design, technology, and enterprise.
UX strategies are incorporated which are also alluded to as Human-centered techniques, alongside more great design techniques, for example, material testing and mood boards.
Methods can be searched by category such as Creative and Analytical and with a little classification and models presented for every strategy.
Crazy Egg
It very well may be utilized for a free 30-day trial and after that will cost $9 per month. What will you get in this toolkit?
The Heatmap which will help you to see where every user has tapped on your site. The Scrollmap – this will demonstrate how far down on the page a guest has frequently looked over.
The Confetti will give insights with respect to search terms and visitor sources. And, the Overlay that will analyze the number of clicks per page component.
Usabilla
This tool has a wide range of features to be employed by UX testers, making it an ordeal bundle that is very exhaustive.

A couple of the elements that can be actuated are: mobile feedback, exit reviews, click heatmaps, directed feedback forms, and feedback widgets that assemble information through emails.
Any user can give it a shot on a 14-day free trial mode otherwise they have a month to month, a yearly pricing structure.
Also Read: Cloud Testing: A boon For Software Testing