What is Cloud Testing? Benefits, challenges, tools and more!

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Traditional Software testing requires costly and dedicated infrastructure and sources.

Software is growing in complexity which makes it very tough and pricey to build and preserve testing facilities that imitate actual-existence environments in-house.

The maximum consistent issue in software services and products is evolution. This evolution is mainly due to new technologies and person/patron necessities; one such technology is Cloud Computing aka cloud testing.

In cloud testing, Cloud computing environments are used to simulate an actual global state of affairs.

Cloud refers to software programs checking out the usage of assets from the cloud infrastructure this is acquired on-call at a reasonable cost due to the pay-according-to-use nature of cloud computing.

It does not shop facts on private computer systems. It gives on-call the availability of PC offerings like servers, data storage, networking, databases, and so on.

What is cloud computing?

The “cloud” has been used as a metaphor for the Internet browser and an Internet connection Cloud computing is on-demand access, through the net, to computing resources—programs, servers facts Storage, improvement tools, networking skills,

Cloud computing is a way of leveraging the Internet to consume software or other IT offerings on call. Users’ percentage processing electricity, Storage space, bandwidth, reminiscence, and software.

Users will pay as they pass and handiest use what they need at any given time, preserving the price to the consumer. Cloud computing is a business model as well.

Instead of buying and installing the physical infrastructure essential to run software packages, Cloud computing gives a streamlined, simplified strategy to this complexity and the capital expenditure it necessitates.

Cloud computing models.

There are 3 models of Cloud Services:

Saas:  Software as a service is a cloud version that provides programs over the internet as a carrier.

Users no longer to install and hold the software on their devices, they can get access to it through the net, rather than managing the software and hardware with the aid themselves.

It is likewise called a Web-based software program, hosted software.

It runs on SaaS service provider servers and manages software applications, inclusive of security, availability, and overall performance.

Paas: Platform as a Service (PaaS) is a cloud model in which hardware and software assets are provided to users over the net by a third-party supplier.

These resources are required for application development. A PaaS service provider hosts the hardware and software on its infrastructure and developers install hardware and software to run new software applications freely.

Iaas: Infrastructure as a service (IaaS) is a cloud version that provides digital computing sources over the net. A user can get a very new digital system with the desired configurations and the use of IAAS without spending an extra price.

Types of Cloud

  • A public cloud is a service provided by a cloud computing service provider to most people. These services can be availed by any person who desires to use them; all they need to do is pay for the offering’s services.
  • Private cloud, this the infrastructures are provided for the different use of an organization. The company can be the proprietor of the infrastructure, or a 3rd party might also own them.
  • Community cloud, the infrastructures are given for using a particular group of users from organizations that represent the specific community.
  • A hybrid cloud is the combination of the above model.

What is Cloud Testing?

Cloud testing means software testing by the resources from the cloud infrastructure. In this kind of testing, the software program to be examined takes the benefit of cloud infrastructure and technology to simulate an actual global scenario.

Cloud computing has affected all components of the software program existence cycle, including software testing.

Testing as a Service (TaaS) is terminology like SaaS, IaaS, and PaaS in cloud computing. it consists of the usage of the cloud and testing of the cloud.

TaaS is a model in which testing activities are purchased or hired on the customer’s demand from the third party which has all the testing resources for a real-world environment.

This model gains more recognition when technology and customers’ requirements become more complex, and the need for high-quality, error-free, easy-to-use, and flexible software arises.

TaaS has aloof the problem of installing and maintaining the test environment and sourcing of test assistance.

This helps to reduce the costs of software production. Almost all software testing can be completed e on the cloud

Why do you need Cloud testing/ benefits of cloud testing?

  • Cloud testing has become very critical in software program development these days, and the need to perform testing as a service (TaaS) can’t be overemphasized.
  • In conventional software testing, the company desires to have the hardware and software program for testing, and it is very high priced to hold the hardware and software program and also to resume their license.
  • Cloud technology brings support using presenting a way to check the software in a completely challenging and dynamic environment the use of the pay-as-you-use feature of the cloud, cuts the fee of software production.
  • Virtualization, a vital function of cloud generation gives a manner to check software programs in one-of-a-kind surroundings like extraordinary working structures, configuration, and systems.
  • Using cloud testing helps to improve the performance of software program testing by way of decreasing the time to construct the test environment.

Cloud Testing tools.

SOASTA: CloudTest is a production overall performance testing device for Web packages. It can simulate thousands of virtual public cloud infrastructure services.

ITKO LISA: This product is designed to improve the effectiveness of the software program development teams, especially the ones concerned with cloud computing and custom applications

LOADSTORM: This is a tool that is straightforward and much less high-priced. It is used for load checking out of internet-primarily based and mobile applications.

BLAZE METER: This tool is utilized in measuring load checking out and peer-to-peer overall performance of cellular applications, websites, and application programming interfaces.

iGATE PATNI: Two businesses, iGATE and Patni, got into an alliance and gave delivery to one of India’s largest IT businesses, iGATE Patni. This organization also provides a TaaS solution, which is a cloud-based framework for dynamically scalable and occasional-fee take-look at automation.

Types of testing that can be performed in cloud testing:

FUNCTIONAL TESTING

Functional testing is a high-quality warranty check that deals with all of the consumer necessities, affords the capacity to ensure the system works as anticipated, and gives each developer and user a guarantee that the product meets client requirements.

Functional testing of the Internet and non-internet-based programs can be accomplished in the cloud.

NON-FUNCTIONAL TESTING

This testing is also referred to as the performance testing technique; it’s miles executed to make certain that the utility meets the overall performance expectation of the user.

The scope of nonfunctional requirement testing is broader in cloud testing than in conventional testing.

Performance testing

The maximum essential element of performance testing is to investigate the software’s firmness and scalability.

Pace determines whether or not the application responds speedily; firmness determines whether or not the software remains equal under changing conditions and scalability, which determines the best consumer load a system can manage.

Stress checking out and cargo trying out is each variety of performance testing.

Cloud Testing Vs Conventional Testing

Parameters Cloud Testing Conventional Testing
Definition Cloud Testing is one form of software testing wherein the software program packages are examined by way of using cloud computing services. Conventional testing is a sort of testing in which software is examined primarily based on pre-defined testing standards in line with the exceptional management machine to maintain standards.
Test Environment Cloud testing offers test surroundings-based applications as well as on-user and utilization of applications to test as per custom requirements and satisfaction. Conventional testing has a pre-described environment for checking out any software. This testing was performed in a check lab with restrained assets.
Cost of Testing The cost of testing in cloud testing is much less compared to conventional testing as there is no need to maintain physical infrastructure for testing. Users and clients handiest pay what they use. The cost of testing in conventional is better as we need to hold physical infrastructures and software as nicely required for trying out.

 

Benefits of Cloud Testing.

  • Availability of Mandatory testing environment: In cloud testing, the client’s environment can be effortlessly reflected for effective testing without making an investment in the extra hardware and software program resources for testing.
  • Less costly: Cloud testing is extra cost-efficient than conventional types of testing. Customers, and the testing team, pay for the simplest of what they have used.
  • Quicker testing: It is quicker than the traditional method of testing as corporal infrastructure management for testing is removed.
  • Scalability: Cloud computing assets may be expanded and decreased every time required, based on the demands.
  • Customization: Cloud testing may be custom-designed in keeping with the usage, price, and time primarily based on the style of users and user surroundings.
  • Tragedy regaining: It can be done without difficulty viable as the statistics backup is taken on the cloud vendors as well as at the user’s stop.

Challenges of Testing in the Cloud 

Performing Testing periodically

Performing Testing Periodically Test labs in agencies commonly sit idle for a longer duration, consuming capital, electricity, and real property.

Just about 50% of the infrastructure earmarked for testing is underutilized.

As cloud computing is a common environment wherein a single Server with a couple of CPUs, RAM, and SAN or NAS garage are divided among many users via digital hosts or IP addresses.  All users in a cloud computing environment are in the end accessing a physical system.

Therefore, at a time if any person is the usage of the assets intensely then it can create overall performance issues for the alternative customers at the same time.

So, the performance testing results from the team may vary on occasion depending on the load of the cloud environment. This is one of the tests demanding situations in a cloud environment

Data migration

Migration of information from one cloud carrier company to another turns into a tough project understanding the different database schema requires plenty of time.

Integration Concerns:

A distributed application offers many special servers which might be on a web page or off-web site.

In the cloud environs, the dispensed application will deal with many specific digital machines which will be onsite or offsite and there will be response time challenges in the integration of these virtual machines.

The company simply orders the digital machines on the cloud without knowing their bodily locations. However, if machines are placed at a long distance, then latency troubles can occur frequently.

Testing of all components

Performing cloud testing calls for testing all the components associated with an application that needs to be tested just like the server, garage, and network, and also validating them in all layers.

Qualitative Services

Business is frequently concerned with the migration of their critical packages to the cloud environment.

They have the principle situation approximately service availability, scalability, flexibility, and continuity.

Critical commercial enterprise packages are enterprise touchy and can incur a big loss to the agency both in terms of popularity and money if the carrier-level agreements with the patron aren’t met effectively.

Therefore, the cloud computing environment desires to offer demonstrated take a look at outcomes in terms of service availability, scalability, flexibility, and continuity.

Functional Testing aspects

The business application running on the cloud computing surroundings is needed to bypass the behavioral elements of the utility in conjunction with system testing, acceptability testing, integration testing, and interoperability testing.

All of those tests must have been completed before any employer ought to flow its business-crucial application to the cloud computing surroundings.

The testing surroundings ought to resemble the actual cloud environs to obtain the high-fidelity test results.

Operational challenges

Obscure from technical challenges, there are a pair of operational challenges as follows.

Lack of Standardization 

There’s a loss of widespread solutions to integrate the general public cloud with inside data centers. there’s an absence of interoperability.

Hence, it’s miles tougher to switch carriers if the office desires to.

Security Concerns in the Public Cloud 

Data within the cloud is also stored in a remote location that will lie outside the company’s legal reach.

Privacy and Data Security in Cloud packages are multi-tenant in nature, owing to the same the threat of unauthorized data access cannot be ruled out.

The tester has to confirm that there’s no leakage of data while testing the business application over the net in a cloud environment.

Data inside the cloud may be stored in an exceedingly faraway location that would lie out of doors the company’s legal attain.

The tester desires to ensure that there is also no leakage of data at the same time as testing the commercial enterprise application in a cloud environment.

Usage 

Because there are just a few options accessible, improper utilization may occasionally result in expense increases for newer firms. To encourage cost efficiency, businesses should thoroughly assess their demands before choosing a cloud vendor.

Planning 

The assembly, use, and disassembly of the environment should be carefully planned by the project teams and test teams.

To reap the utmost benefits of Cloud, the usage has got to be planned properly.

Performance 

As cloud infrastructure is shared, there are also scenarios where performance dips.

There could also be planned downtimes/maintenance windows on the cloud vendor side which might impact performance too

Accessibility and Recovery Testing

The Other challenges that the testing team could countenance are as follows.

Application data replication testing should be tested with the help of a third-party vendor as replication is not under the control of the tester in the case of the cloud environment.

Lastly, the tester needs to deliver their due diligence to procure accurate test results which should be comparable to the physical server environments.

Environment Configuration

for cloud testing, it becomes hard to manipulate the infrastructures like servers, storage, and so forth. Deployment and testing consequently, lead to troubles.

Use of Multiple-Cloud Models: It will become hard to manage more than one cloud at a time which can lead to complications, security, and synchronization issues.

Upgradation in Cloud: The biggest assignment of cloud testing is to do up-gradation in the cloud and ensure it does not affect the prevailing users and data.

Conclusion

Hope you like the article about what is cloud testing. Traditional software testing is great, but the cloud makes work faster and easier.

However,  relying on the cloud all the time is not a wise decision as well. It’s your requirement that should define the technology.

What is Shift left Testing? And why is it so relevant?

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Shift Left Testing is introduced as a vague solution to a big problem. It allows you to create and execute test cases earlier in the development cycle stage. It shifts to the left testing all the stages of the process sequentially and continuously.

Many software projects, especially smaller ones, get paused in between their development cycle.

Maybe because big fixes made them run out of budget or could not deliver the product at the scheduled time.

The problem is that software testing is done way too late and not more often.

To learn the meaning of the early testing term, how it works, and its benefits, let’s read on.

What is Shift Left Testing?

To reduce the number of bugs during and after software development and improve the quality of the product, Shift Left Testing or Early Testing is implemented.

It is a method to push testing towards the early stage of software development like requirements defects, complicated designing, and so on.

By doing so, you uncover and solve the issues in an early testing phase before they become major.

Don’t confuse the term Shift Left here with literally shifting to left.

It’s about shifting to automated testing from manual testing to detecting bugs early and at all stages and often testing, diminishing the extra manual work.

Why do you need shift left testing?

In a traditional Software Development Life Cycle, the testing phase numbers last in the process, just before the launch of the product.

This results in encountering serious issues may be in your design, longer buffer time, clickable buttons not working as required, and more like this.

This requires extensive efforts under experience manpower supervision that would cost you a fortune.

To sum up, start testing early throughout the development process and test often to reduce risk, cost, and time.

Using the strategy, you keep improving your software’s quality before it goes under the last testing phases.

Advantages and benefits of shift left testing

Potential smaller bugs with major risks that are detected earlier cost much less to fix and remove.

Automation is essential to reduce human errors and lets the testers focus on multiple inspiring tasks without affecting the quality.

l Precaution is better than a cure, and not just medically.

By reducing the unexpected threats from the potential malfunction with the Shift Left Testing strategy, you increase development process cycle efficiency.

How to Implement Shift Left Testing? / How do you shift a test to the left?

Implement a successful shift left testing strategy by following the below given important steps:

  1. Plan & Analysis- Include Testers from the beginning to carefully analyze the requirements, design plan, and calculate the estimated budget.
  2. Include Developers & Testers– Build a professional team of QAs and developers throughout the designing and developing phase of the project and increase the actual testing phase efficiency.
  3. Unified Testing Strategy– This allows you to identify and analyze the dependencies on the environment, code reviews, automation, and test data; and helps define clear responsibilities to each team member.
  4. Risk-Based Analysis– It is implemented to determine the impact and chances of failure for each test scenario. The testers must prioritize the test cases and discuss with the developers the likely-to-be failed aspects and their impacts on the overall development cycle.
  5. Introduce Test Automation– As Shift Left Testing involves testing often and throughout the process, embrace the test automation tools to speed up the development lifecycle, increase efficiency, fewer bugs, and generate quick feedback. It ensures better code coverage and maintains the product’s quality.

Different Types of the Shift Left Testing

There are four different types of Shift Left Testing that provide different results in different scenarios.

1) Traditional Shift Left Testing

To understand the traditional shift testing, we must first understand the traditional SDLC V-Model, which emphasizes, acceptance and system-level testing, on testing from lower down on the right side of the V-model.

Whereas Traditional Shift-Left Testing emphasizes unit testing and integration testing, this is done using API testing and automated testing tools.

2) Incremental Shift Left Testing

This is a suitable approach for large software companies and projects with complex designs and development.

The tasks are broken into smaller segments that are built on each other with an increment.

After each increment is delivered to a customer and operation team, then the developing and testing incrementally shifts to the left, which helps testers to run test case scenarios on each individual bit making it easier to identify and fix the potential risks.

3) DevOps/Agile Shift Left Testing

This kind of software testing approach is practiced to run continuous tests on the number of sprints via an evolutionary development life cycle, like DNA.

It is mainly done for development testing only once when the system is operational.

4) Model-based Shift Left Testing

The shift-left testing starts at the early stage of the development cycle, so the bugs and threats are fixed long before the software development life cycle would start.

It leads to missing some critical issues regarding the requirement gathering phase, which gets introduced after development cycle completion and can contain serious threats and errors.

Model-based testing shifts to the left by testing requirements, building, and designing models are fulfilling the needs of the desired product.

Factors to Keep In Mind for a Successful Early Testing

There are lots of factors because of which your shift-left testing strategies can fail like testers or developers are not involved from the early stage, not able to analyze the right testing environment, and so on.

Not testing enough!

To reduce the impact of bugs and the likeliness of the failures of the testing, you must ensure to run testing continuously.

This approach helps testers to identify minor and major issues earlier.

Practicing the same development process

The SDLC process needs to adapt and accommodate the earlier testing environment.

For instance, if you want to perform user interface testing at an early stage, you need to change and develop the system requirements that support the earlier testing environment.

Still Stuck on Manual testing!

The larger the system, the more is it at risk and more testing.

Testers cannot keep up with the instant update, release, customization, and integration manually and maintain the product’s quality at the same time.

Hence, shift to automated testing and tackle every challenge with more testing capacity and accuracy. Some of the tools you can use are Selenium, Leap work, etc.

There is something called shift right as well! what’s the difference between shift left and shift right?

Shift right is a bit of a shocking concept actually.  To speed up the development process the entire testing process will be sifted to post-development.

The reason behind such a drastic shift is to gain user insight regarding the issues and correct it so that higher UX gain can be achieved

  • A/B testing can be performed easily
  • The stability of the back-end architecture can be examined in detail
  • Issues with the app can be traced out in the early stages of deployment
  • real-world performance insights  can be gained

Conclusion

Customers are expecting high-quality products with new features and functions.

But, with the increasing demands businesses cannot keep up with the pace.

Hence, the need for shift left testing arose. In this article, we have learned what Shift Left Testing is, how it can be approached and implemented, its different types, and how it will benefit in improving the quality of the product.

To make it short, shift-left/early testing is mainly implemented to detect any potential bugs and defects earlier, which results in speeding up the delivery process, improved customer experience, and overall cost reduction.

So, receive benefits for the entire team, start implementing this approach, and deliver error-free, high-quality products.

75 Must Read Test Lead Interview Questions

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Are you looking forward to the Test Lead interview you are going to attend? then you must have a look at our blog, 75 Test Lead interview questions For A better Job

Important Test Lead interview questions you must read first!

  • You will be asked about the project life cycle and development model that’s in practice your company
  • What’s going to be your action if management decided to approve a release with critical defects?
  • Why do you use the testing tools that you are using now?
  • How do you decide whether you have enough test cases to test a module
  • How do you test a search engine
  • Difference between UAT and system testing
  • How do you use selenium for code validation?
  • How do you reverse INT and double number?
  1. Describe the key responsibilities of a Test lead.

Must be able to guide his team members, manage the tests team effectively, identify the scope of testing required and its related tools, and create a fun and learning environment for juniors.

  1. Mention the key challenges of Software Testing.

Key challenges may include:

  • Testing phase under a time constraint
  • Regression Testing
  • The application must be stable to run tests
  • Lack of tools, resources, and training for the testers
  1. Mention different types of testing methods.

There are 3 basic methods-

Black-Box Testing: No in-depth knowledge of internal paths, structures, or implementation is required.

White-Box Testing: Core and in-depth knowledge of internal paths, structures, and implementation are required.

, and Grey-Box Testing: Limited knowledge would suffice to detect and debug the software.

  1. Difference between functional and non-functional testing.

Functional testing is done before non-functional based on the client’s requirements and describes what a product does. Non-functional testing is based on the client’s expectations and tells how the product works.

  1. Mention the benefits of Automated Testing.

Cost-saving, fast Development, and Delivery of products, higher productivity, effective and efficient use of resources, support repeated test cases execution, improves accuracy.

  1. What is usability testing?

It is a type of testing methodology where a user is asked to use the product to check whether the software is easy to use, its task loading time, and to understand the customer’s perception.

  1. Describe how Testing is affected by Object-Oriented Programming.

Makes it easier for testers to trace the requirements from code to internal paths to functional designs.

  1. How to use WebDriver for launching the different browsers?

A common syntax can be used;

WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver();

WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver();

WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver();

  1. List some best effective Software Quality Assurance practices.

It may include-

  • Unhindered improvement
  • Proper and precise documentation
  • Usage of best tools and resources
  1. Describe the testing strategies you have found to be most effective?

Following are the testing strategies I have found to be the most effective ones to achieve the main objective:

  • Unit testing
  • System Integration Testing
  • Deployment Testing
  • Alpha Testing
  • Beta and User Acceptance Testing
  1. What do you understand by Requirements Traceability Matrix?

RTA is a table format document required to determine the level of testing through relation comparison between two baselined documents and details the technical requirements for all applications fulfilled in the verification process.

  1. Explain the types of test plans?

Some of the types are:

  • Level-specific test plans– it addresses any one phase of the testing approach
  • Specific Type test plans– it is designed for non-functional testing like security testing, loading testing, etc.
  • Master test plans– It’s a complete test approach
  1. What is the difference between Verification and Validation in Software Testing?

Verification– It is a static testing process to check if the application achieves its goals without any bugs

Validation– It is a dynamic testing process to determine whether the product we are developing is the right product and meets the client’s requirements.

  1. While running a test on a project, what are the risks to be avoided?

The risks can be categorized as-

  • Strategic Risks
  • Project Defining Risks
  • Human Resources Risks
  • Project Estimation and Scheduling Risks
  1. What are the measures you have used against such risks?

The following can be practiced to avoid the risks-

Avoidance– Eliminate the possible risks

Reduction– Alleviate plan to mitigate the impact of the risks and take valid measures

Sharing– Outsource the risk to other resources

Acceptance– Accept and prepare the planned budget for the risks

  1. What are the categories of bugs?

Three prime defects categories are-

Wrong- It states that requirements are varying from the given specifications.

Missing- it implies that a specification isn’t implemented or noted properly.

Extra- It indicates a requirement has been implemented into the product that wasn’t given by the client.

  1. What are the practices you have used to minimize the impact of defects?
  • Discover the type of defect
  • Prioritize the categories of defects to simplify the tasks
  • Get the skilled developers to fix the defects
  • Verification process by testers
  • Once resolved and verified, change defect status to closed
  • Prepare and send the defects reports to a management team for feedback
  1. How can you arrive at a test estimation on a project?

The answer to the ‘how’ part involves-

Create basic test scenarios

Get an idea of the number of test cases to work on

Include buffer time

Identify their complexities

  1. What is a Three-point estimation?

It is a technique used to determine the approximate profitable distribution that defines the outcomes of future events. Three-values can be determined by-

  • Best case estimate
  • Most-likely estimate
  • Worst-case scenario estimate
  1. What are the stages involved in the software testing life cycle?

Following are the STLC phases one should consider-

  • Product requirement analysis
  • Test planning
  • Prepare test case development
  • Set up a testing environment
  • Execute testing on the prepared test cases
  • Test closure
  1. What steps do you follow to create a test script?

There are three ways you can test script-

  • Record/playback by writing any code in a simplified language like VBScript
  • Keyword or data-driven test scripting
  • Writing code using Programming Languages like JScript, Ruby, Java, etc.
  1. What do you understand by PDCA and how do you use it?

it is a Test Process Involvement Method explained for Plan, Do, Correct and Act and is used to help testers improve future processes and strategic implementation.

  1. What is test coverage and its types of techniques?

It is a parameter used to describe the scope of source code testing. The basic techniques include- Statement, Decision, and path coverage.

  1. Describe Manual Support and Manual Scripted testing.

Manual Support testing– It is a process where a QA analyst manually executes the test cases to identify bugs and generate reports.

Manual Scripted Testing- It involves 3 steps- Execution, Reporting, & Information. This sequential method is used to review and design the test cases before executing them.

  1. On what grounds can you map the success of Automation testing?

It can be mapped by-

  • Detecting defects ratio
  • Automated testing execution time
  • Assign professionals
  • Reduction in costs where possible
  1. Name the commonly used Automation Testing tools.

Some of the tools are- Selenium, Appium, Katalon Studio, Cucumber, HPE UFT, SoapUI, TestComplete, QA Wolf, and much more.

  1. How to select a testing tool?

Understand the project requirements, Use your current testing tool as a standard one, Determine salient criteria suitable for the product.

  1. Name the test cases that can be automated.

Smoke test, Regression Test, Data-driven, Non-functional, and Complex Calculation test cases.

  1. Difference between Regression and Confirmation testing.

Regression Testing– To ensure that a change in recent code doesn’t affect existing characteristics.

Confirmation Testing– Or re-testing is a process of introducing a new version of software whose defect is fixed.

  1. What is BVA?

Boundary Value Analysis is a black-box testing technique used to check whether there are any bugs at the edge of the input domain.

  1. What should a good test report include?

Detailed project information, test objectives, and classifications explained test briefly, and defect reports if any.

  1. What are the basic defect report format components?

They may include- Project name, module name, defect detected on and by, Unique Defect ID and Name, defect snapshot, Priority and Severity status, Defect resolved on and by.

  1. Compare Agile Testing with Traditional testing?

Traditional Testing follows a phased testing approach where unit testing is performed for each module without any tools. It is time-consuming and more costly. Agile Testing follows an iterative approach along with an adaptive model where the bugs are fixed during testing using automated tools and then released.

  1. What is the command to click on hyperlink using linkText()?

The command is as follows-

driver.findElement(By.linkText(& ldquo; Google& rdquo)).click();

  1. What is Defect cascading?

When a defect goes unnoticed while performing tests it invokes other defects due to which multiple defects arise in the later stages.

  1. What method to use when there is no frame id and frame name?

If such the case is, we can approach fame by index. The syntax would go like this-

driver.switchTo().frame(int arg0);

  1. Mention a difference between Beta and Pilot Testing.

Beta Testing is User Acceptance Testing which is performed in the development environment after the product launch to minimize the failure risks. Pilot testing is done before launching a product in a real environment.

  1. Describe Configuration Management.

It determines the tools, including source code, test scripts, hardware, third-party software, and development and testing documentation to establish the consistency of a product.

  1. What would be your strategy if you find that the testers in your company are performing deliverables even after a potential defect has been detected?

The acceptance pattern should be strict, test cases must be revised and added more to check the ineffectiveness, and the show-stopper bar should be improved as compromising the company’s quality is not acceptable.

  1. What is Load Testing on websites?

The QA engineers need to multiply the number of responses a user is getting when sending a request to that site’s server to simulate different traffic loads.

  1. Describe TestNG.

It is an advanced testing framework designed with an inbuilt exception of handling mechanism which helps the program to run without terminating suddenly.

  1. How will you skip a method or a code block in TestNG?

We can set the ‘enabled’ parameter in test observation to false using the below format-

@Test(enabled=false)

  1. How would you find out the quality of the test execution?

There are two ways to determine it-

  • Defect Rejection ratio: (No. of defects rejected/total no. of defects raised)*100
  • Defect Leakage ratio: (No.of defects missed/total defects of software)*100
  1. Acceptance plan is prepared on what basis?

Requirement documents, input from the customer, and project planning determine the acceptance plan.

  1. Describe XPath.

Also known as XML Path is a language to query XML docs. One can easily write a query in XPath script to locate elements in a webpage. It also generates reliable locators.

  1. What is Absolute Xpath?

It is a better and more direct way to find the element but if you make any changes in the path of the element then that XPath gets failed. For instance, /html/body/div[1]/section/div[1]/div

  1. What is Relative XPath?

The path starts from the middle of the HTML DOM pattern and begins with the forward double slash (//) which signifies that you can search the element anywhere on the webpage.

  1. How will you handle the conflicts between teams?

Since the team members are from diverse backgrounds and different working styles, the key step as a Team Manager would be open communication for all to understand better and work together which also minimizes the frustration within the team.

  1. What are the skills required to be a test manager?

A positive and practical approach, maintain a decent relation with fellow workers and motivate them, a leader with a creative and problem-solving attitude and understand the priorities when working.

  1. What do you expect while working with us, if hired?

A friendly yet professional, positive work environment, flexible working hours that your Company offers, job stability, and an opportunity to grow and hone my skills with the company.

   51. How do you handle a situation where there is a conflict between the testing team and the development team?

Effective communication, collaboration, and understanding each other’s perspectives are key to resolving conflicts.

   52. Can you explain the importance of test data in the testing process?

Test data is crucial for validating the functionality of the application under various scenarios and conditions. It helps ensure comprehensive test coverage.

   53. What are the key factors to consider when creating a test environment for a project?

Hardware and software compatibility, data availability, network configurations, and cloning production environment are essential considerations.

  54. How do you prioritize test cases when time is limited?

Prioritization is based on risk, critical functionality, and business impact. Focus on high-priority areas to ensure the most critical aspects are thoroughly tested.

55. Explain the concept of continuous testing in the software development life cycle.

Continuous testing involves automated testing throughout the development process, ensuring quick feedback on code changes and maintaining software quality.

56. What role does exploratory testing play in your testing strategy?

Exploratory testing is used to discover defects in an unscripted manner. It complements scripted testing and helps identify issues that might be missed in traditional testing.

57. How do you keep your testing team motivated during a challenging project?

Motivation comes from recognizing achievements, providing a positive work environment, and addressing team concerns promptly. Regular feedback and acknowledgment are essential.

58. Can you share an example of a successful test automation implementation in a project?

Describe a scenario where test automation significantly improved efficiency, reduced testing time, or enhanced test coverage in a project. Quote such instances from your personal experiences. Be prepared with a couple of such scenarios.

59. What strategies do you employ to ensure effective communication within the testing team?

Regular team meetings, clear documentation, and utilizing collaboration tools can facilitate effective communication among team members.

60. How do you ensure that the testing process aligns with the project timeline?

Thorough planning, realistic estimations, and continuous monitoring of progress are essential to ensure that testing activities stay on track with the project timeline.

61. What steps do you take to stay updated with the latest testing tools and technologies?

Regularly attend conferences, webinars, and workshops, subscribe to industry publications, and encourage team members to share knowledge on emerging trends.

62. Can you explain the significance of risk-based testing in the testing life cycle?

Risk-based testing involves prioritizing test cases based on the likelihood and impact of failure, ensuring that testing efforts focus on areas with higher risks.

63. How do you handle testing in a project with frequent changes in requirements?

Agile testing methodologies, continuous collaboration with stakeholders, and maintaining flexible test cases are crucial in adapting to evolving project requirements.

64. Describe a situation where you had to make a tough decision as a Test Lead. How did you handle it?

Provide an example of a challenging decision you made, the factors considered, and the outcomes, showcasing your leadership and decision-making skills. Always make sure to be prepared to answer such personal experiences based questions before going for an interview.

65. What strategies do you employ to foster a culture of continuous learning within the testing team?

Encourage team members to participate in training programs, allocate time for skill development, and promote knowledge sharing within the team.

 66. How do you ensure that test cases are reusable for future projects?

Designing modular and well-documented test cases, using automation frameworks, and maintaining a centralized repository of test cases can contribute to reusability.

 67. Can you explain the role of risk analysis in test planning?

Risk analysis helps identify potential challenges, prioritize testing efforts, and allocate resources effectively to areas with higher risks in the test plan.

  68. Describe a scenario where you had to deal with a critical production issue related to testing. How did you handle it?

Share an experience where you addressed a critical issue affecting production, emphasizing your problem-solving and crisis management skills.

69. What metrics do you use to measure the effectiveness of the testing process?

Metrics such as defect density, test coverage, and test pass rate can be used to evaluate the effectiveness of the testing process.

 70. How do you ensure the security testing of an application is comprehensive?

Comprehensive security testing involves identifying potential vulnerabilities, implementing penetration testing, and staying informed about the latest security threats and measures.

 71. Can you discuss the role of test documentation in ensuring the traceability of testing activities?

Test documentation, such as test plans and test cases, plays a crucial role in tracing testing activities back to project requirements, ensuring thorough coverage and validation.

   72. What measures do you take to ensure the confidentiality of sensitive data during testing?

Implementing data masking techniques, securing test environments, and establishing strict access controls are crucial to safeguard sensitive data during testing.

   73. How do you handle a situation where a critical defect is discovered late in the testing process?

Address the importance of effective communication with stakeholders, assessing the impact, and collaborating with the development team to expedite the resolution.

 74. What strategies do you employ to ensure test coverage for mobile applications across various devices and platforms?

Utilizing mobile testing frameworks, leveraging cloud-based testing services, and maintaining a diverse device and platform matrix contribute to comprehensive mobile test coverage.

75. Can you share an experience where your testing efforts contributed to significant cost savings for the project?

Highlight a situation where thorough testing prevented the identification of defects in later stages, resulting in cost savings for the project.

All the best!

Hope you liked our compilation of Test Lead interview questions. We wholeheartedly wish you all the best for your future.

Unit Testing Best Practices: 11 Effective Tricks

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Unit tests are great! I mean look at the perks.

They help in regression testing, checking code quality, etc.

But they are often discarded to speed up the SDLC.  Often the cost in doing so has been hefty.  What if we say that there are best practices that can take care of the issue?

In order to help you with the process, Let’s have a look at some effective Unit Testing Best Practices

What is Unit Testing?

A Unit testing basically covers every small functionality of your software. It verifies the behavior of one component of your software which is independent of other parts.

In Unit Testing there are basically three parts :

What is unit testing?

  1. Initialization: An initialized, testable portion of an application is tiny. Typically, the program is referred to as SUT (System Under Test).
  2. Stimulus: After initialization, a stimulus is applied to the application which is under test. It is usually done by invoking a method that will contain the code to test the functionality of the SUT.
  3. Result: After the stimulus has been applied to the SUT, then comes the result. This actual result has to be compared with the expected result. If it passes then the functionality is working fine else you need to figure out the problem which is in the system under test.

unit testing processing

11  Unit Testing Best Practices

  1. Tests should be isolated

The test cases have to be separate from one another and they can be organized any way you choose. Apart from this. You can define the cluster  – short or long-running test cases. Every test should be orthogonal in such a way that it should be independent of other test cases.

If it weren’t the case, then every modification to the behavior of one test case would have an impact on other tests. This may be accomplished by adhering to the single, uncomplicated rule: “Don’t try to add unnecessary assertions.”

Assertions that correspond to a particular application’s behavior should be included. They shouldn’t rely on any other external elements and should be able to operate independently.

The example tests whether a number can be added with a zero. Multiplication

2. High Speed

Unit tests are an essential part of the software development process, allowing developers to ensure that their application is free of bugs. To achieve this, developers design unit tests in a way that enables repeated execution, effectively catching any potential issues.

However, it is crucial to consider the efficiency of these tests, as slower test execution times can negatively impact the overall test suite. Even a single slow test can significantly increase the time required to run the entire suite of unit tests.

To mitigate this issue, developers should adhere to best coding practices when writing unit tests. By incorporating concepts such as streams into the test code, the execution speed can be improved exponentially.

Therefore, utilizing streams in unit test code is considered a highly beneficial practice. It not only enhances the speed of execution but also contributes to more efficient and effective testing processes.

3. High Readability

For successful communication of the functionality being tested, readability and clarity should be given top priority in unit tests. Each test should outline the situation it is testing and provide a concise tale. If a test fails, the reason why should be obvious, making it easy to find the issue and fix it.

Test cases should be organized logically and simply in order to improve readability. It might be challenging to comprehend and manage tests with complex test cases. So, order and simplicity are crucial.

For both variables and test cases, naming is essential. Each term should appropriately describe the capability and action being evaluated.

Avoid employing meaningless or ornately-sounding names. For instance, a variable or test with the name “Show Logical Exception” doesn’t make it obvious what it performs.

Developers may write unit tests that are simple to understand by following these guidelines, enabling effective debugging and troubleshooting.

4. Good Designing of Tests

Developers may adhere to the following best practices to ensure that unit tests are well-designed:

Single Responsibility Principle: Each test needs to concentrate on a particular action or circumstance. This improves isolation and makes tests easier to read and comprehend.

Use descriptive names for tests and variables to make the purpose and functionality being tested very obvious. This makes the text easier to read and makes it easier to comprehend the exams’ objectives fast.

To minimize cascade failures, test independence should be maintained. Every test need to be autonomous and able to function alone.

Arrange-Act-Assert (AAA) Pattern: Create tests that follow the AAA pattern, which divides the test into three parts: setting up the required preconditions, carrying out the action or operation, and asserting the anticipated result. The readability is improved, and worries are divided.

Test Coverage: To offer thorough coverage, make sure your tests cover a variety of situations, edge cases, and corner cases. This makes the code more resilient and helps in recognizing possible problems.

5. High Reliability

Unit tests are essential for finding problems and guaranteeing the dependability of software systems.

Tests need to ideally only fail when the system is really broken. There are, however, several circumstances in which tests may fail even in the absence of flaws.

It is possible for developers to get into situations where a test runs well on its own but fails when included in a bigger test suite.

Similar unexpected failures could happen when tests are moved to a continuous integration server. These circumstances often point to system design faults.

Minimizing dependence on external elements, such as the environment or certain machine configurations, is crucial for producing high-quality unit tests.

Regardless of the execution environment, unit tests should be created to be independent and consistent. This guarantees that tests get trustworthy results and correctly detect issues.

There may be dependencies or design problems in the codebase if tests repeatedly fail or are sensitive to the execution environment.

The reliability and efficiency of unit tests must be increased by recognizing and fixing these design faults.

Developers may construct strong unit tests that regularly find flaws and provide accurate feedback on the behavior of the system by aiming for test independence and reducing external dependencies.

6. Adopt a Well-organised Test Practice

In order to improve the quality of software development and testing, it is essential to use a well-organized testing procedure.

Significant advancements may be achieved by ensuring that the testing process is in line with software development.

One efficient method is to write test code before production code so that tests may be evaluated while the software is being developed.

This proactive strategy guarantees that tests are in place to confirm the functioning of the code and enables the early detection of any problems.

A well-organized test practice may also be considerably aided by using approaches like test-driven development, mutation testing, or behavior-driven programming.

These methods aid in improving test code quality and encourage a better understanding of the source.

Developers may create a strong and organized testing process that improves the overall quality of the product by adhering to these best practices.

Early defect identification, communication between developers and testers, and complete codebase validation via efficient test coverage are all made possible.

Some effective unit testing good practices that we follow

 7. Automates Unit Testing

Though automated unit testing may sound challenging. But it is for no doubt ensures quick feedback, more test coverage, better performance, etc. It in short helps in in-depth testing and gives better results.

8. Focus on a Single Use-Case at a Time

Another good practice of unit test coding is to test a single-use case at one time to verify its behaviors against the expected output.

 9. Keep it Unit, Not Integration

Sometimes, we unknowingly shift our focus from unit testing to integration testing. Including more external factors and thus making it difficult to isolate issues and also increasing the production time. And hence we should ensure that unit testing is compulsory unit testing.

10.  100% Code Coverage

Since unit tests concentrate on evaluating distinct pieces of code, it is theoretically feasible to achieve 100% test coverage using just unit tests.

However, aiming for comprehensive coverage in every circumstance may not always be feasible or essential.

Code coverage is a useful indicator, but to guarantee thorough software validation, it should be combined with other testing techniques like manual testing and integration testing.

However, to ensure maximum efficiency,

  • Divide the application into more manageable, testable components like classes, functions, or methods. Each unit needs to have a distinct function and be capable of independent testing.
  • Create unit tests for each unit that cover various situations and edge cases. Aim to test every potential code path included inside each unit, being sure to exercise all branches and conditions.
  • Use test coverage tools or frameworks that can gauge the level of code coverage attained by the tests. These programs provide reports identifying the parts of the code that the tests do not cover.
  • Review the code coverage data to find regions of poor coverage. Analyze. Concentrate on building more tests that specifically target those places, making sure to exercise all code paths and eliminate any untested parts.
  • If specific sections of the code are challenging to test, think about restructuring those sections to make them more testable. To separate units for testing, remove dependencies, disconnect closely connected components, and use mocking or stubbing approaches.
  • Include unit tests in the development process by automatically executing them after every change to the code. This guarantees that any new code additions or updates are checked for coverage right away.

 11. Start Using Headless Testing in the Cloud

Conducting automated tests on online applications or software systems without the use of a graphical user interface (GUI) is referred to as “headless testing” in the cloud.

Through direct contact with the underlying code and APIs, headless testing simulates user interactions and verifies functionality.

Headless testing may be carried out in a scalable and distributed way by using cloud infrastructure, enabling the concurrent execution of tests across several virtual computers.

This strategy has advantages including increased testing effectiveness, fewer resource needs, and the capacity to test in many contexts and configurations, improving the general quality and dependability of the program.

Conclusion

Unit tests are mostly considered a burden, especially in a team where team members are working on multiple projects at a time. in this kind of scenario, automation can help a lot. Just make sure that the tests are accessible, maintainable and readable, and self-contained.

Hope you will put our suggestion for unit testing best practices to better use. Together, let’s make sure that quality remains a habit. 

 

15 Top Security Testing Companies – 2022 Update

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

In search of top security testing companies for validating your app/software’s security defenses?

you have reached the right place. please read on

  1. TestBytes

TestBytes offers wide-ranging information security testing services. The expert security testing services by TestBytes ensure the strengthened security of their client’s systems.

Their streamlined security testing ensures that even the most difficult vulnerabilities are discovered during the testing. Testbytes have a globally spread clientele when it comes to security testing.

They have a large group of in-house as well as remote testers to take care of any kind of work.

They also have a strong social media presence with lots of ongoing active discussions.

  • Standards-based security testing (OWASP top 10 SANS Top 25, OSSTM, NIST 800-15, etc.)
  • Threat modeling
  • Vulnerability assessment
  • Ajax Testing Session
  • Network testing
  • Penetration testing
  • Authorization testing Web services testing
  • Data validation testing
  • Denial of service testing
  • Authentication testing
  • management testing
  • Configuration testing
  • Code review
  • Compliance testing
  1. QA Mentor

QA Mentor is a CMMI Level 3 SVC + SSD v1.3 appraised, ISO 27001:2013, ISO 9001:2015, and ISO 20000-1 certified internationally acclaimed Software security testing company.

It caters to 9 different industries. The company supports a crowdsourcing platform and has a group of 12,000 crowdsourced testers.

It offers matchless and inexpensive services and is continuing to progress, enlarge and leave its imprint around the globe.

It has received many awards and recognition for its impeccable works in the field of software testing.

It has made its mark in the field of security testing and has helped many businesses around the globe to find security vulnerabilities in their software.

  1. KiwiQA

KiwiQA Services provides various testing solutions and services to various industries. It has its expertise in implementable and risk management solutions.

KiwiQA has been offering first-rate testing services for many years. ​They deliver cost-effective, value-added testing services.

KiwiQA has high expertise in Test Automation, Specialized Testing Services, Testing Consultancy, and Managed Testing Services.

It has received many awards and recognition for its extraordinary testing services.

KiwiQA has a QA team of 100+ full-time Software testers and has completed 2000+ projects.

It has special domain expertise in cybersecurity testing and has helped many companies strengthen their IT cybersecurity.

  1. ImpactQA

ImpactQA is a prominent security Testing company (ISO 9001:2008 and ISO 27001 certified and a Nasscom member) and QA Consultant. They have a 250+ satisfied customer base.

They have established their expertise in various testing domains like Performance testing, Automation testing, Cloud testing, Mobile app testing, IoT testing, DevOps testing, Security testing, and AI testing.

Veteran test engineers of ImpactQA utilize smart tools and techniques to offer customer-centric services to their clients.
ImpactQAs security testing services have strengthened the cybersecurity of many industries.

Awarded as a top QA consultant and software tester, ImpactQA has rightly become the prominent choice of many companies looking out for software testers.

  1. Eminence Square (The testing hub)

Eminence Square (The testing hub) has set its mark in software testing engineering and guarantees that software meets both functional and non-functional requirements.

They use contemporary tools like Selenium Remote Control, Selenium IDE, Selenium WebDriver, JMeter, ZAP, etc. to ensure high-end testing results.

A perfect blend of manual and automation testing is their strength that helps them get expert testing and ensure high-end quality assurance.

Catering to clients from various industries, they have ensured their wide spectrum abilities. Their expertise in security testing has made them a veteran cybersecurity testers.

  1. Avyaan 

Avyaan is an expert cybersecurity testing company that ensures high-grade digital security to its clients.

With expert security testers, and the latest technologies they offer first-class cybersecurity testing solutions to ensure apps that have minimum infiltration risk.

They keep updating themselves with the latest happening in the hacking industry hence ensuring extensive security testing, leaving no loopholes for the hackers to intrude into the system.

  1. Security Brigade

Security Brigade is a veteran security testing company in India specializing in Web-Application Security Testing Services.

Their modern approach to security testing ensures the highest level of security from any threats and vulnerabilities.

A good mix of automated and manual testing results in the best testing of the applications.

They follow a streamlined approach to security testing mapping your business logic and web-application data flow to recognize workflow-associated vulnerabilities.

  1. Think future technologies

Think future technology is a leading security testing company.

Having a deep insight into every aspect of security testing, they transform their understanding into an effective testing approach.

They help organizations secure their businesses from unauthorized access and data breaches.

Their highly trained and expert team carries out the complete process of security testing in a very managed and expert way.

They guarantee the security of your business following various security testing techniques.

  1. Angler

Angler is an expert security testing company helping its clients strengthen their digital assets to avoid any cyber threats.

Their skilled team of software security testers helps you secure your application from unauthorized penetration and security violation. They ensure your software is free from any vulnerability and identify the weak points that could be exploited by hackers. They ensure the security of your applications from any data leaks, static and dynamic masking. With their veteran security testing services, they ensure:

  • Trust of customers
  • Security of Business information
  • Risk mitigation
  • Improved Quality levels
  • Meet regulatory requirements
  • Maintain corporate image
  • Avoid network downtime cost
  1. Pristine Info solutions 

Pristine, offers world-class security testing services to its clients to defend them against cyber-attacks and to provide them with a highly secured environment.

They assist organizations in reducing risks by protecting their information assets.

Pristine InfoSolutions in-depth Security testing services are specifically customized to recognize, evaluate, and enhance the overall security of the company.

  • Improved security of the business
  • Protected business data
  • Mitigate security risk
  • Streamlined security for the company
  • Flexible and customized services
  • Improved ROI on security
  • Reliable, scalable, and resilient solutions
  • Assured data privacy
  1. Cigniti

Cigniti has established its expertise in Security Testing catering to a variety of businesses.

Cigniti has vast experience in helping a variety of organizations of different sizes to strengthen their security.

They help businesses uncover vulnerabilities in their software and ensure reduced risks of security threats

  • Certified Ethical Hackers
  • Provide hacker’s eye view
  • Identify zero-day vulnerabilities
  • Domain-specific testing
  • Expertise in intrusive tests
  • Manual verification

12. A1QA

A1QA is a renowned software testing firm specializing in security testing.

It ensures that your software is ready to successfully avert any security threats or attacks and meet the specified guidelines.

Their services in security testing include,

  • Vulnerability assessment
  • Compliance testing
  • Security penetration testing
  • Social engineering
  • Static code analysis
  • Pre-certification security audit

They ensure that they have gathered the required information about the software to be tested so that their team can provide the best security testing.

13. Kualitatem

Winner of many awards, Kualitatem is one of the best companies for your security testing requirements.

It holds a wide experience of working with some of the security giants like HP, Symantec, McAfee, and IBM.

They have a veteran and dedicated team of test engineers who ensure valuable service and solutions to the clients enhancing their security.

Their services in security testing include,

  • Security and Risk Assessment
  • Audit Assurance
  • Audit Implementation
  • Cyber security assessment
  • Code review services
  • Penetration testing

14. QA source

QA source is another veteran security testing company. Using the latest technology and tools they ensure the best security testing for their clients.

Their services in security testing include,

  • App Level Testing Services
  • Penetration Testing Services
  • DoS and DDoS Vulnerabilities Testing
  • Security Code Review

15. PacketLabs

PacketLabs is another expert in the security testing field. It focuses on ethical hacking.

Their penetration testing services include

  • Penetration testing
  • Object-based penetration testing
  • Application security testing
  • DEVSECOPS
  • Cybersecurity maturity assessment
  • Compromise Assessment
  • Purple teaming

Conclusion

 Security testing ensures and prevents possible attacks on your system to an extent.

These security testing companies have years of experience and they can easily test your software for possible vulnerabilities in no time.

55 Best Software Testing Tools For 2023

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Software testing tools are one of the major parts of SDLC and it is very important to choose one that’s the right fit for your project.

To assist you in the task of software testing hundreds of software testing tools lists are now available in the market. But you cannot randomly pick any.

Shortlisting the best among them is again a tedious and very time-consuming job. So in order to help you out in selecting the best software testing tools for your task, we have curated a list of top 55 software testing tools along with their key features.

Top 55 software testing tools 2023

  1. selenium
  2. Squish 
  3. HP Unified Functional Testing (UFT)
  4. IBM Rational Functional Tester
  5. Katalon Studio
  6. Egg Plant
  7. Bugzilla
  8. Ranorex
  9. Waitr
  10. WebLOAD 

Top 10 doesn’t mean that they are the best. However, in terms of popularity, they surpass everyone.  To make u understand the best, we have compiled a list of 55 below this, Read and enjoy.

1. Selenium

Designed to test functional automation testing of web-based applications it supports wide-ranging platforms and browsers.
Features:

  • Supports parallel test execution
  • Requires fewer resources as compared to other testing tools.
  • Supports various different OS
  • Supports various programming languages like Python, Java, Perl, C#, PHP, and JavaScript.


2. Squish 

GUI-based Test Automation tool to automate the functional regression tests It is completely a cross-platform tool.
Key Features:

  • Supports many GUI technologies
  • Supports various platforms like a desktop, mobile, web and embedded
  • Supports Test script recording
  • Supports object and image-based identification and verifications
  • Does not depend on visual appearance
  • Solid IDE (Integrated development environment)
  • Supports various scripting languages
  • Supports Behaviour Driven Development (BDD)
  • Offer command-line tools for full control
  • Integrates with CI-Systems and Test Management


3. HP Unified Functional Testing (UFT)

Was initially known as QuickTest Professional (QTP) and assists in automated back-end service and GUI functionality testing.
Key Features:

  • Offers reusable test components.
  • Strong partner network.
  • Supports Agile development.
  • Automates manual testing resources.
  • Supports functional testing over various devices.
  • Assimilation with various test tools.


4. Katalon Studio

Mobile and web automation framework covering both Selenium and Appium,
Key Features:

  • It is a cross-platform tool.
  • Supports  Agile method.
  • Easy to use even for non-programmers.
  • Support CI workflow.
  • Supports Dual scripting interface.
  • Integration with qTest and JIRA.


5. IBM Rational Functional Tester

Used for automating functional testing using a data-driven approach.
Key features

  • Supports various applications.
  • Allows Test Scripting
  • Supports storyboard testing.
  • Offers reliable testing tools.
  • Offers incorporation with other test tools.


6. Worksoft Certify

Worksoft is a continuous test automation platform for enterprise applications. It helps the users and companies to fully automate and optimize the end-to-end business processes starting from process intelligence to test automation to RPA.

Key features

  • End-to-end automation in one codeless platform
  • Helps save time and cost across all the phases of testing and automation.
  • Parallel execution is possible allowing business users and IT teams to make the most of the assets.
  • Allows for single project automation and that can be extended to enterprise-wide adoption.


7. Egg Plant
Egg plant tool logo
Uses an image-based approach to do automated functional testing.
Key Features:

  • Tests from the perspective of a user.
  • Fast development.
  • Offers lab management.
  • Supports all device types.
  • Supports CI integration.
  • Requires very little automation skills.


8. Ranorex

With an affordable pricing model, it provides easy setup and execution of test automation scripts.
Key features:

  • Offers strong GUI object recognition
  • Developer-friendly
  • Supports reusable code modules
  • Offers record/playback functionality
  • Offers script-free functionality.


9. Tricentis Tosca Testsuite

Model-based Functional Software Test Automation Tool.
Key Features:

  • Focuses on problem-solving vs. test case design.
  • Supports Agile method.
  • Offers end-to-end testing.
  • Includes test data management and Orchestration tools.
  • Offers recording capabilities.
  • Requires less maintenance and is easy reuse of test suit.


10. Quick Test Professional (QTP)

A scripting language-based automated functional GUI testing tool for web or client-based computer applications. QTP is apt for functional regression test automation.
Key Features:

  • Very easy to use even for beginners.
  • Test cases are available in a simple workflow.
  • wholesome authentication of software using a full balance of checkpoints


11. Waitr

It is an open-source web application testing tool. It is a cross-platform tool of Ruby libraries.
Key Features:

  • Watir is completely free to use.
  • Supports multiple browsers and platforms.
  • A lightweight but powerful tool.
  • Supports human-like interaction with the browser to form filling, clicking links, and validating the text.


12. Testim 

Uses machine learning to speed automation testing. It supports a quick analysis of test cases and their execution on various web and mobile platforms.
Key Features:

  • Assists in easy addition of comments.
  • Uses bug tracker for easy and fast sharing of annotated screenshots
  • Just by clicking the automated bug tests, a tester can automatically reproduce them in a browser.


 13. Telerik Studio

It is a web and desktop applications testing tool for Windows OS. It is a functionality, load, and performance testing tool for testing Cross-browsing issues.
Key Features:

  • Supports AJAX Applications test automation
  • Supports Telerik UI Controls
  • Assists in Browser Dialogs and HTML Popups testing
  • Supports JavaScript
  • Uses the Build server for Continuous Integration


14. TestComplete

TestComplete is a functional testing platform from SmartBear Software. It can handle the automation testing of windows, web, android, and iOS-based applications with equal ease. It boasts of an intelligent object repository and recognition for over 500 controls giving the users maximum flexibility with the GUI testing. Key Features:

  • It helps to automate the UI tests with scriptless record-and-playback or keyword-driven testing.
  • It offers dynamic object recognition based on the object properties and AI-powered visual recognition.
  • Excellent and automated reporting and analysis. A single interface provides all the real-time date information regarding the execution.
  • Sufficient training material and support are available if you are a first-time user of the tool.
  • It can also be integrated with DevOps to provide the required testing for the continuous integration cycle.

15. CA Technologies Application Test


CA Technologies Application Test uses a declarative workflow model.
Key Features:

  • Offers automated mobile testing
  • Supports visual tests
  • Customized load testing
  • Supports mainframe
  • Advanced analytics
  • Integration with mobile testing
  • Offers improved visual editing by Integrating with Selenium


16. IBM Rational Test Workbench

Offers testing tools for enterprises covering complete software development lifecycle.
Key Features:

  • Continuous integration testing
  • Supports automaton
  • Offers mobile, regression, performance, and scalability testing capabilities
  • Ability to expand its capabilities by Integrating with IBM Rational testing suite


17. ParasoftSOAtest

Offers end-to-end test automation. ParasoftSOAtest assists in web UI testing, API testing, service virtualization, web and performance testing, API security testing, development testing, SOA testing, and runtime error testing.
Key Features:

  • Supports a wide selection of messaging/protocols
  • Support for REST
  • Creates reusable test cases
  • Supports numerous platforms, protocols, and messaging formats

18. SmartBear Ready! API

It is an end-to-end API testing platform.
Key features:

  • SupportsAPI security testing, API functional testing, API load testing,  service virtualization, API testing in code, API performance management, and defining, building, and managing APIS
  • Provides metrics and reporting, script support, project management, and discovery
  • Numerous API testing abilities
  • Supports constant amalgamation


19. Crosscheck Networks SOAPSonar

Leveraging dynamic mutation technology assists in performance and security testing and functional automation.
Key features:

  • Offers API virtual performance modeling.
  • Provides API emulation and virtualization, API service testing, and API security gateway technologies.
  • Supports numerous protocols like RES, JSON, and SOAP.

Test Management Tool

20. qTest

qTest by QASymphony is a testing platform for Agile and DevOps applications.
Key Features:

  • Real-time integration with Jenkins, Jira, and GitHub
  • Supports test management, automation, and reporting
  • Unified CI integrations and test automation scheduling
  • Modern, browser-based UI
  • Agile test management
  • Enterprise BDD
  • Concrete analytics and reporting
  • Investigative and Term Based Testing


21. TestPad
textpad
A simple manual test tool that works over logic than process.
Key features:

  • Offers Guest testing to those who don’t have an account
  • Offers checklist-inspired test plans
  • Simple to use even for non-testers
  • Adapted to Exploratory testing
  • Keyboard-driven editor
  • javascript-powered UI
  • Adapted to syntax highlighted BDD
  • Drag’n’ drop option to manage test plans
  • Allows to add new tests during testing
  • Integration with JIRA


22. PractiTest

An end-to-end testing tool.
Key Features:

  • Offers third-party integrations with many automation tools, bug trackers, and robust API
  • Fully customizable & flexible
  • Ability to Reuse tests and correlate test results
  • Enables a deeper and broader understanding of testing results
  • Matchless hierarchical filter trees
  • Visualize data with advanced dashboards and reports
  • enables full visibility into the testing process
  • Fast professional and methodological support


23. Zephyr

Provides complete testing solutions for agile teams.
Key Features:

  • Easy integration with Confluence, JIRA, Bamboo, Jenkins, and more
  • Server, Cloud, and Data Centre Deployment Options
  • Offers Advanced Analytics
  • Provides DevOps Dashboards
  • Provide extraordinary visibility, flexibility, and insights


24. QMetry

Best suited for Agile teams, this testing tool decreases the release cycle times.
Key Features:

  • Offers recreation and reuse of modular test cases.
  • Integration with HipChat, JIRA Capture, & Confluence.
  • Helps in faster building, managing, and deploying quality software.
  • Step by step advancement of the test cases.
  • Assists in real-time reporting & trending analytics


25. TestRail

It supports full  JIRA add-on integration permitting integration with all the JIRA versions and editions, including JIRA Cloud.
Key Features:

  • Centralized testing efforts like managing, organizing, and tracking.
  • Easy drag & drop
  • Allows testing the highly productive user interface.
  • Supports Screenshot feature
  • Supports Test Report & Metrics Automation


26. Test Collab

It is a web-based test management tool that uses a unique identifier for each reusable step for repeatedly using them without typing them.
Key Features:

  • Supports multiple operations in a single window
  • Permit assigning steps to multiple users
  • Offers secure communication among different team members


27. QA complete

It is suitable for enterprise-level testing and supports Agile teams and DevOps.
Features:

  • Supports prioritizing testing effort
  • Helps identify high-risk issues
  • Provides Enhanced security using SSL and Single Sign
  • Decide test coverage
  • Ensure all-inclusive tests presence
  • Ability to program automated Test Runs
  • Integration with JIRA, Jenkins, Selenium, and many other tools.
  • Offers Service Level Agreements (SLA) monitoring


28. TestLink

This web-based test management tool offers software quality assurance for test plans, test cases, user management, and reports and statistics.
Key Features:

  • Offers export and import of test cases easily.
  • Easy integration with various Defect management tools
  • Easy distribution of test cases to different users

29. WebLOAD

It is a powerful load testing tool with dominant scripting capabilities. It supports many technologies including Selenium to mobile, enterprise application to web protocols. It allows generating load in the cloud and on-premise.
Features:

  • Easy creation of load test scenarios
  • With more than 80 types of reports and graphs, it assists in the easy identification of performance bottlenecks.
  • Supports Amazon EC2 to run performance testing from the cloud


30. LoadRunner

It supports load testing of Windows and Linux-based web applications. It efficiently determines the performance and tests the working of web applications under heavy loads.
Features:

  • Can test various types of Web Apps
  • Supports multiple enterprise environments.
  • Supports single dashboard control over various users.
  • Supports numerous types of protocols.
  • User-Friendly monitoring and analysis
  • Easy to use the testing tool.


31. Wapt

Windows-based stress and load testing tool. It works with the same efficiency on dynamic content, secure HTTPS websites, and RIA applications under data-driven mode.
This testing tool also provides supports for RIA applications in the data-driven model.
Features:

  • Collaboration among multiple users in a single test
  • Simulate real load conditions using various advanced techniques
  • Support testing of SSL secured applications


32. LoadUI

It is an open-source load testing tool that permits creating and updating test cases during the execution process.
Features:

  • Support the creation of multiple performance strategies.
  • Supports reusing existing SoapUI Pro functional tests.
  • Supports Real-time feedback.
  • Supports the concurrent running of multiple load tests.


33. Silk Performer

This load testing tool is very cost-effective and suited for even most performance expectations, critical applications, and service-level requirements.
Features:

  • Quick in detecting performance issues
  • Provides in-depth analysis
  • Simulate enormous loads without any expensive hardware setup
  • Indefinite scalability with Cloud
  • Validate real-time user experience


34. Apache JMeter

Initially developed for load testing of web applications, this open-source load testing tool is expanded to various other test functions.
Features:

  • Performs load and performance testing of different types of servers.
  • Allows users to generate a test plan using a text editor as test plans are stored in XML format.
  • Also performs automated and functional testing.
  • It is a Java application for performance and load testing.


35. AgileLoad

AgileLoad efficiently conducts load and performance testing on web and mobile applications.
Features:

  • Supports dynamic web
  • Supports mobile technologies
  • Outstanding monitoring
  • All-inclusive analysis diagnostics
  • Creates customizable test reports
  • Improve the application performance quickly

Also Read: Top Penetration Testing Tools For 2019

36. LoadFocus

It is a cloud-based load and performance testing tool.
Features:

  • Supports Cloud Load Test Website and RESTful APIs
  • Supports cloud and secure servers
  • Website Speed Testing
  • Offers Insight Analytics
  • Supports various cloud testing services like Mobile Applications, Website Speed Testing, Mobile Emulation, and APIs testing


37. Load Impact

A cloud-based load testing tool used to perform load tests on web-based apps, mobile applications, websites, and APIs.
Features:

  • Real-life simulation of traffic.
  • No hidden caching.
  • Can simultaneously generate load from 10 different locations.
  • Uses a proxy recorder to record an HTTP session.

Defect Tracking Tools

38. JIRA

This defect tracking and project management tool is used for recording, reporting, and assimilation with the code development environment.
Features:

  • Creates rapid filters with a single click
  • Creates custom workflows
  • Install plug-and-play add-ons
  • Used for recording, reporting.
  • Participates with the coding department.
  • Complete visibility using Kanban board
  • Customizable scrum boards
  • Real-time, actionable insights with Agile reporting


39. Mantis Bug Tracker

It is an open-source bug tracking tool. Assists team in efficiently managing their teammates and clients.
Features:

  • Internal issue tracking
  • Bitbucket and GitHub support allows Single-sign-on
  • Features inbuilt time tracking.


40. FogBugz

It is a defect tracking tool to track the status of defects.
Features:

  • Provides flexibility to find the information.
  • Supports Agile project management
  • Supports Notifications and emails
  • Tracks bugs for multiple projects.


41. Bugzilla

This open-source defect tracking tool allows to keep track of bugs and is readily used by small-scale and large-scale organizations to keep a track of the defects in their system.
Features:

  • Offers Optimized database structure
  • Advanced query tool
  • Editable user profiles
  • Comprehensive email preferences
  • Highly Customizable Installations using the extension mechanism.


42. BugNet

It is a cross-platform, open-source Bug Finding Tool under GPL license written in ASP.NET and uses MySQL database as a backend tool. It makes the codebase simple and easy to deploy.
Features:

  • Simple to file, manage and report bugs
  • Multiple databases support
  • Easy navigation
  • Easy administration


43. The bug genie

It is an open-source, web-based bug tracking software for issue tracking, bug reporting, and project management.
Features:

  • Easy source code management
  • Interactive project planning is a plus
  • Powerful command-line tools
  • Supports Incoming and outgoing email
  • Supports feedback publishing system


44. Redmine

It is an open-source defect tracking tool that supports Ruby. If you ignore the time taken for installation, it provides you with effective defect tracking and promises smooth running once installed.
Features:

  • Uses email for Issue creation
  • Multiple databases support
  • The issue tracking system is very flexible
  • Access controls are flexible and role-based

Mobile Testing Tools

45. Appium

Appium is one of the most commonly used open-source tools in the market today for testing native, hybrid, and web mobile applications. A recently added feature, now allows Appium to run automated tests on desktop applications as well.

Features:

  • Test the same application which is going to the marketplace.
  • Very simple to use
  • Allows parallel execution
  • Requires little memory for the test process.
  • Testing Native apps do not need SDK
  • Offers standard automation APIs for all types of platforms.
  • Supports simulators and emulators.
  • It supports coding multiple languages like Java, Python, C#, PHP, node.js, and more.


46. Espresso

It is an open-source enterprise mobile testing tool.
Features:

  • Is Simple to Use
  • Less Mobile Testing Flakiness
  • Consistent feedback to developers
  • Can extend within the working environment
  • Allows creation of tests without writing even a single line of test code.


47. Perfecto

It is a SAAS platform for web, mobile &IoT software testing.
Features:

  • Cloud-based mobile application testing
  • Supports Agile Environment
  • Integration with other testing tools like Selenium and Appium
  • This tool also allows customers to select the deployment options that are best for the specific project.


48. Experitest

It is a quality assurance tool that performs Manual Testing, Performance Testing, and load testing for mobile applications.
Features:

  • Ability to create and execute automated tests on either simulators or emulators
  • Ability to automatically record tests to code and use the same test script for different mobile OS.
  • It offers reports with video or Screen HTML-based reporting
  • View mobile apps element structure and generate identifiers with ease
  • Supports all mobile OS like iOS, Android, Windows Phone, and Blackberry.


49. Robotium

This is an open-source mobile test automation tool for Android UI testing.
Features:

  • Fast Android UI testing
  • Supports emulators and actual devices recording
  • Detects resource IDs automatically
  • Supports native and hybrid Android apps
  • Performs functional testing, System Testing, and user acceptance testing over Android-based apps.


Cross Browser Testing Tools
50. Browsera

This cross-browser testing tool tests the website in multiple browsers. It also tests layout and scripting errors of websites and webpages.
Features:

  • It compares the browser’s output to detect cross-browser layout problems.
  • It collects JavaScript errors and reports them after every test.
  • Offers crawling feature to test all the web pages of the single site.


51. Cross-browser testing

It validates that web applications work well over different browsers.
Features:

  • Assists in parallel execution of multiple Tests on Multiple Devices
  • Execute test cases for iOS, Androids, & other desktop browsers
  • It permits running testing frameworks like Nightwatch and WebDriver.IO
  • Provides comparing screenshots
  • Supports remotely debugging of real desktop and mobile browsers.


52. Browsershots

It is a cross-browser testing tool for Windows, MacOS, Android or iOS.
Features:

  • It is a free tool.
  • Supports 200+ different browsers to capture screenshots.
  • Features like disabling JavaScript, enabling/disabling Java and flash, and Changing Color Depth.

53. SoapUI

soap ui logo

Web services are a critical part of any mobile or application software. There can be numerous API calls for even a single button click. Thus the need for testing these APIs is very important. SoapUI is one of the most popular tools in that area. It is an open-source tool used for testing SOAP web services, RESTful web services, or HTTP-based services. It can be easily integrated with ReadyAPI (paid tool) to enhance its capabilities and get extra functionalities.

Key Features:

  • The simple UI and user-friendly features make it very easy to use even for first-time users of the tool.
  • It can be used to do functional testing, security, and vulnerability testing, and also load testing.
  • It allows automation with groovy
  • It supports data-driven testing.
  • It has assertions that can be used to validate the response from the API calls.

 

54. Lambda test

lambdatest_logo

Lambda Test is one of the most popular cloud-based cross-browser testing tools. The best part about this tool is that it allows performing cross-browser testing for web applications across more than 2000 browsers, operating systems, and devices. It allows you to perform both manual and automation testing.

Key Features:

  • It allows live cross-browser testing across different browsers, browser versions, resolutions, etc.
  • It allows testing with the latest desktop browsers.
  • It allows performing responsive testing across devices with different screen sizes and resolution
  • It comes with a chrome extension allowing the users to take full-screen screenshots easily
  • It has an in-built issue tracker that allows the users to easily manage the identified defects.
  • It also provides 24×7 support to the customers in case needed.

55. Kobiton

KObiton logo

Kobitron is another popular cloud-based automation and manual testing tool for mobile and web-based applications. It allows the users to perform testing manual and automation testing using mobile devices in the cloud. It allows the integration with Appium and Selenium.

Key Features:

  • It allows parallel testing
  • It allows manual and automation testing on real devices
  • It supports Selenium, Appium, and Katalon Studio.
  • It allows video recording of the actions performed on the mobile devices for reference.
  • It can be integrated into the CI pipeline with tools like GitHub, Jenkins, TeamCity, and more.


Conclusion:
Hope you would by now have enough names of various software testing tools to dispose of them off for your benefit.

What is The Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS?

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Many of you might be accustomed to HTTP:// or HTTPS://. But what do they mean? What is the Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS?

Let’s have a look at the topic HTTP vs HTTPS in detail.

What is HTTP?

  • HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer Protocol. They are a set of rules which govern the transmission of any information on the World Wide Web.
  • HTTP also sets the standard rules for the servers, and web browsers to communicate with each other.
  • HTTP, built on top of TCP; is an application layer network protocol.
  • HTTP is an application layer protocol. It transfers information between networked devices.
  • HTTP works on top layers of the network protocol stack.  HTTP flow includes a client machine that sends a request to a server and gets a  response message in return.
  • HTTP is known as stateless protocol as every command is independent and executes separately. It does not require the reference of any previous command that is executed.

Sample HTTP Request

GET /index.html HTTP/1.1
Host: www.ABC.com
User-Agent: Chrome/5.0
Accept: text/xml,application/xml,application/xhtml+xml,text/html*/*
Accept-Language: en-us
Accept-Charset: ISO-8859-1,utf-8
Connection: keep-alive
<blank line>

Sample HTTP Response

HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Date: Thu, 24 Jul 2008 17:36:27 GMT
Server: Apache-Coyote/1.1
Content-Type: text/html;charset=UTF-8
Content-Length: 1846
<html>
…
</html>

Also Read: What does your company cyber system need vulnerability Assessment?

What is HTTPS?

  • HTTPS stands for HyperText Transfer Protocol Secure.  As the name suggests it’s a more secured and advanced version of HTTP.
  • For Data Communication HTTPS uses port no. 443. To enhance the security of all the transactions, HTTPS encrypts all the communications that are done with SSL.
  • HTTPS is a mix of HTTP and SSL/TLS protocols.
  • HTTPS works by establishing a  secure encrypted link between the browser and the server by providing provides two-way security of Data.
  • It safeguards your potentially sensitive data from various threats.

HTTPS Example

Sample HTTPS Request

request(‘https://example.com/url?a=b’, function (error, response, body) {
  if (!error && response.statusCode == 200) {
    console.log(body);
  }
});

Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS

Features exclusive to HTTPS

HTTPS takes an upper hand on HTTP, and there are a few features that are exclusive to HTTPS. Some of them are:

  • GeoLocation: geolocation enables to find the user location and this feature is exclusive to HTTPS only.
  • Web push notifications: Web Push notifications are another feature that is exclusive to HTTPS only.
  • PWA – Progressive Web App: this very impressive feature allows you to convert your website into an Android mobile app. It is available only on HTTPS.
  • GetUserMedia: HTTP puts a limitation on users by not allowing them to use a camera/microphone.

What are the major differences between HTTP and HTTPS?

  1. HTTP does not have any advanced security mechanism whereas HTTPS offers higher security with SSL or TLS Digital Certificate that provides security to all your communication that takes place between server and browser.
  2. By default HTTP works on port 80 and HTTPS works on port 443.
  3. Another major difference lies in that HTTPS runs at Transport Layer whereas HTTP runs at the Application Layer.
  4. Data in HTTP is transferred as plain text and data in HTTPS is transferred as encrypted text.
  5. When talking about their speed, HTTP takes a front seat with being faster as HTTPS consumes more time in encryption.

Now let’s talk in terms of the advantages and disadvantages of HTTP and HTTPS.

First, let’s discuss the advantages of both  HTTP and HTTPS:

Advantages of HTTP

  1. HTTP has the advantage of being executed with other protocols on the networks
  2. It is not dependent on Runtime support
  3. HTTP pages are faster to access as they are directly stored on computer and internet caches and do not require any encryption.
  4. It allows cross-platform porting
  5. It can be used over Firewalls.
  6. HTTP is platform-independent
  7. Global applications are possible
  8. It is not Connection Oriented

Advantages of HTTPS

  1. Generally, all the sites running on HTTPS, redirect themselves automatically. Even if your type HTTP://, it will be redirected to HTTPS.
  2. It is used for all secured transactions that allow users like online banking.
  3. It uses SSL technology to protect users. Each SSL contains unique, authenticated information about the certificate owner.

Disadvantages/limitations of HTTP vs HTTPS

Since we have had a glimpse of the advantages of both HTTP and HTTPS, let’s have a look into their limitations.

Disadvantages of HTTP

  1. It provides less or no privacy as content is visible to everyone.
  2. It uses no encryption method and hence the content can be altered by anyone. In short, it provides no security.

Disadvantages of HTTPS

  1. Though HTTPS provides security, it cannot secure the cached pages on the browser.
  2. There is no security to the data in the browser memory.
  3. HTTPS is slower.
  4. It enhances the computational overhead.
  5. It increased the network overhead

Difference between HTTP and HTTPS.

Parameter HTTP HTTPS
Protocol It is a hypertext transfer protocol. It is a hypertext transfer protocol with security.
Security It is less secure. Anyone can read and edit content. It is more secure and used for secure transactions like banking, etc.
Port Port 80 is the default port Port 443 is the default port.
Usage HTTP URLs begin with HTTP:// HTTPS URLs begin with https://
Used in It is generally used for a website that is focused more on information purposes like blogs It is used for websites that require security like banking websites.
Encryption It does not encrypt data while transferring it. The information is transferred as it is and hence is more vulnerable to threats The data is encrypted before being transferred and is again decrypted at the receiver’s end. Since the data is in encrypted form there are fewer chances of any security threats.
Protocol It operates at the TCP/IP level. Uses HTTP for transmission, with an enhanced TLS/SSL connection for better security
Validations No validations are required It requires an SSL certificate
Data encryption No encryption Uses encryption to secure data
Search It does not have any effect on search. It does not play any role in improving search ranking. It improves the search ranking.
Speed It is faster than HTTPS, as no time is consumed in encryption and decryption It is slower than HTTP, as  time is consumed in encryption and decryption of data
Vulnerability It is very vulnerable to hackers It is less vulnerable to hackers.

Also read: Top 10 Vulnerability list released OWASP that can harm your company

What is an SSL Certificate?

Commonly called a TSL, an SSL certificate is a digitally bind-key that contains crucial information about an organization.

After installation of SSL certificates set a padlock that indicates a safe web connection with the PC and the web server connected to it.

SSL certificate helps in encrypting internet traffic and verifies the server identity.

The information included in the SSL certificate

  • The domain name for which the certificate was issued for
  • For whom was the certificate issued to
  • Digital signature of the company
  • The authority which issued this certificate
  • Issue date
  • Subdomains that are associated with the company
  • The expiration date of the certificate
  • Public key

Why do you need an SSL certificate?

  • SSL has the ability to encrypt communication happening between two internet entities so that privacy can be maintained
  • SSL ensures that information is sent to the right server. Pretenders who are waiting to exploit can be avoided because of this
  • SSL icon is a trust symbol and will drive users to access the website

Types of SSL/TLS certificate used with HTTPS

Let’s look into the different types of SSL/TLS certificates used with HTTPS

  1. Domain Validation: It validates Domain name ownership.
  2. Organization Validation: It validates the owner’s identity.
  3. Extended Validation: It validates Domain name validation, owner identity, and business registration proof.

Things to know before switching from HTTP to HTTPS

 

There is a mad race for switching from HTTP to HTTPS, and that is for a good. After all, HTTPS offers many benefits over HTTP.

But switching from HTTP TO HTTPS is a tricky task. Though the process might seem simple, it involves a lot of cautionary measures.

There are a few things that you should remember while switching from HTTP to HTTPS.

 

How to Convert HTTP to HTTPS

  • The first step is to get an SSL certificate
  • Next, you will have to install it on the website’s hosting account
  • In the next step, you have to configure the 301 redirects. To do this you will have to alter the .htaccess file that is seated in the root folder
  • The last step is updating the robots.txt file and notifying the search engines about your switch.

This process might seem very easy,  but it is not as easy and straightforward as it appears.

You can ease out your work by taking the help of Service providers to configure SSL certificates.

Though it might incur an additional cost, it might save you from a lot of hassle. Also, remember a few things before switching from HTTP to HTTPS:

  • Informing the search engines about you switching from HTTP to HTTPS
  • For any resources, you can prefer using the relative URLs
  • Make sure that your HTTPS site is reachable through robots.txt
  • Don’t forget to keep an eye on your site before and after switching from HTTP to HTTPS and keep track of the changes.

SEO Perspective of HTTPS

In recent times, website owners do everything to improve their SEO ranking as it is one of the very important features for any website to remain in the never-ending race to rank higher on search engines.

Websites strive to be listed on the first page of search engines. And one of the tactics to improve the ranking is to switch on to HTTPS, as HTTPS helps in improving SEO ranking whereas HTTP does not.

How HTTPS Helps in better search engine Ranking
Difference Between HTTP and HTTPS in SEO

Why do you need HTTPS for creating AMP pages?

HTTPS is essential for creating AMP (accelerated mobile pages). AMP is truly an innovation by google to load web content as swiftly as possible on mobile devices.

When it comes to baking good rank in SERP and gaining the trust of Google HTTPS plays a pivotal role.

HTTPS serves as an important tanking signal as well as a crucial part of cybersecurity.

How does HTTPS authenticate web servers?

Authentication verifies if a system or person is What they claim to be. HTTP does not support identity verification.

HTTP works on priority rather than security. But with increasing security risks, authentication becomes important.

The private key confirms the server ID like an ID card confirms any person’s ID.

When a user navigates through a website its key is authenticated to ensure that the server is a legitimate host. It prevents a number of attacks like:

  • On-path attacks
  • DNS hijacking
  • BGP hijacking

How to add HTTPS to your website?

SSL is basically a text file with encrypted messages in it.

You can buy it from your hosting service and install it on your server so that communications happen between your server and the entity.

Along with an SSL certificate, you also need to install an intermediate certificate  that can help in establishing trust in the SSL certificate  by tying it to the authority root certificate

In HTTPS, how does TLS/SSL encrypt HTTP requests and responses?

TLS uses public-key encryption. Via the server’s SSL certificate, the public key is shared with client devices.

When the connection is set between the client and the server, ends uses, private key and public key to reach an agreement with session keys. It is used to encrypt the communication between two devices.

The HTTP requests are encrypted using session keys, making the whole communication secure.

Which one is better when we compare HTTP vs HTTPS?

The answer is clear when it comes to HTTP vs HTTPS.

HTTPS provides added security, it is definitely an added advantage if your website includes some sensitive information as well as in SERP ranking.

Top 75 Manual Testing Interview Questions

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Manual testers will always be in demand. Without manual inspection, the emotional engagement of the software cannot be measured. But to get that dream salary package in that dream company, you need to crack the interview. Both verbal and in the form of tasks.

For all the aspiring testers, freshers, and experienced ones who are looking for a job change, please have a look at these manual testing interview questions before going for the interview.

Like it’s mentioned before, the Q and A used in these blogs can be helpful for

  • Manual testing interview questions for freshers
  • Manual testing interview questions for experienced
  • Manual testing interview questions for 2-5 years experience

Before digging deep let’s have a look at questions that have frequently been asked. FAQ!

  1. What is the Severity and Priority of a bug?
  2. What is a traceability matrix? Why is it important?
  3. What are the different levels of testing?
  4. What are the most common risks associated with project failure?
  5. What is an exit criterion and why is it used?
  6. What are the details included in a test case?
  7. How does testing fit into a CI pipeline?
  8. What is risk-based testing?
  9. Name some best practices in software testing
  10. What are the qualities of a good tester?
  11. Name some challenges in software testing?

Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers pdf

Q 1: What are the 2 main types of testing?
Ans: The 2 main types of testing are:

  • Manual Testing: where the testing activities are performed by testers without the help of any tools.
  • Automation Testing: where the testing is carried out with the help of tools or stand-alone scripts that can replicate the manual operations performed.

Q 2: What is BVA?
Ans: BVA, Boundary Value Analysis, is a validation technique used for checking the edit boxes that take in numbers. For example, if a field takes the values 1 to 100, under BVA you would test the field with values +1 and -1 from the boundaries. So, in this case, the tester would check to see if the field with values 0,2,99, and 101.

Q 3: What is DOA and how is it used?
Ans: DOA, Dead on Arrival, is used to refer to applications build that are unsuitable for testing. There can be several situations where a build is declared as DOA. Some of these are:

  • Smoke Test fails
  • Application is unstable and crashes intermittently
  • The functionalities mentioned in the release notes are not included in the build or are not available for testing

Q 4: What is the Severity and Priority of a bug?
Ans: The severity and priority are important aspects of a bug. The Severity is decided by the tester based on the impact on the testing and the functionality of the application. For example, an app crash or user unable to login, back end server down, etc would all be high severity defects.

Priority on the other hand is decided by the developer based on how soon they can fix it or how much time would be needed to fix the defects.

Some in most cases high severity and high priority bugs would be the same. But there can be some cases where the Severity is low but priority is high. Like a spelling mistake in the company name on the home page.

Now, an example of high severity but a low priority can be unable to open a link in a web page, when the link is rarely used by the customer.

Q 5: What is a traceability matrix? Why is it important?
Ans: Traceability matrix is the link between a client requirement or use case and the test case.

While writing a test case, a tester should ensure there is at least 1 test case for every use case of functional requirement. This mapping between the requirements and test cases is called traceability.

The traceability matrix helps to ensure that each requirement in the functional document is considered for testing, thus avoiding any misses.

Q 6: What are the different levels of testing?
Ans: Testing is done at different levels, they are

  • Unit testing or component level testing
  • Functional and module testing
  • Integration testing
  • System testing
  • Acceptance testing

Q 7: What is a test plan?
Ans: A test plan is a document that enlists all the aspects of the testing project. Some of the main headers under a test plan are:

  • In scope and out of scope features.
  • The hardware, software, and resource requirements
  • Entry and exit criteria
  • Test strategy
  • Test deliverables
  • Risks and contingencies
  • Roles and responsibilities
  • Escalation mechanism

Q 8: What is the difference between regression and retesting?
Ans: Regression testing refers to repeated testing of the functionalities already delivered and tested in previous testing cycles.

Regression testing is done to ensure that the new code changes in the current build have not broken or adversely impacted any previous functionalities.

In many companies, regression testing is automated to ensure more time can be dedicated to the thorough testing of the new features.

Retesting, on the other hand, refers to rechecking the defects after they are fixed, to ensure the issue is completed resolved.

For retesting, a tester would perform the same steps as mentioned in the defect steps to reproduce to ensure the defect is fixed, and then based on their discretion they would also check areas that might get affected by the defect fix.

Q 9: What is a defect?
Ans: Any deviation from the expected behavior of the application can be termed as a defect.

Q 10: What are the different stages in a defect life cycle?
Ans: The different stages in a defect life cycle are:

  • New
  • Assigned
  • Fixed
  • Moved to QA / Ready to test
  • Retested
  • Closed
  • Reopen
  • Duplicate
  • Redundant
  • Moved to next iteration / Deferred

Q 11: What is a latent defect?
Ans: There are some defects in the system that may not cause failures or impact the customer usage of the application because the preconditions for these defects are rarely met.

Such defects that are silently present in the system are known as latent defects.

Q 12: What are the most common risks associated with project failure?
Ans: The most common risks are:

  • Shortage of time or squeezed timelines
  • Shortage of skilled resources to perform the testing activities
  • Limited Budget
  • Absence of a stable environment for testing

Q 13: What are stubs and drivers?
Ans: Stubs and drivers are used in incremental testing. Testing follows either a top-down or a bottom-up approach.

In the top-down approach, a stub is used to help in the testing of other modules. Similarly, a driver is used in the bottom-up approach for facilitating the testing.

Q 14: What would you do if you find a defect?
Ans: Here is what you should do once you find a defect.

  • Recreate the defect to make sure it is consistent
  • Try to recreate the defect in a different device, browser, or OS to make sure if it occurring everywhere or is specific to any particular device, browser, or OS.
  • Take the screenshot of the error
  • Capture the required logs as applicable
  • Log the details in the bug tracking tool used by the team

Q 15: What is fuzz testing?
Ans: Fuzz testing is commonly used in security testing to find vulnerabilities and coding errors in the system. In fuzz testing, data is added to the system to make it crash.

Sometimes, a fuzz tester is also used to find the causes of the vulnerability as well. It is mostly done in big projects and may not prove cost-effective for smaller projects.

Q 16: What are the test cases you can create for a simple login screen with username, password, and login buttons?
Ans: Some of the test cases that can be created for the login screen are:

  • Test cases for login edit box, what type of characters it can take.
  • Test cases for password edit box, what type of characters it can take.
  • Password should be masked and should not be visible
  • Valid credentials should allow users to log in and move to the next screen
  • Invalid credentials should block the user, the appropriate message should be displayed
  • Username blank – appropriate message should be displayed
  • Password blank – appropriate message should be displayed
  • The edit boxes should be aligned properly
  • A forgot password link should be available
  • Appropriate labels should be written for the login and password edit boxes

Q 17: What is the difference between a latent and masked defect?
Ans: Latent defects are those that are existing in the system but do not impact the functionality since the preconditions for the defects are never met.

A masked defect, on the other hand, is those which are hidden behind another defect. And they can be found only once the other defect is found.

Q 18: What techniques can be used to understand the test coverage?
Ans: The 3 different techniques used for ensuring the test coverage are:

  • Statement coverage: testing ensures that each line of the code is executed at least once.
  • Decision coverage: testing is done to ensure that each path of the decision code loops and decision boxes are executed at least once.
  • Path coverage: testing is done to ensure every possible code path for a particular functionality is executed at least once.

Q 19: What is a code walk-through?
Ans: A code walkthrough is an informal analysis of any code to check if the logic is correct and if the proper coding standards are followed. It is an unmoderated review.

Q 20: What are the different parts of a defect report?
Ans: A defect report would ideally include:

  • Summary
  • Tested By
  • Assigned to
  • Tested environment
  • Build No.
  • Severity
  • Steps to reproduce
  • Expected and Actual Results
  • Screenshots
  • Logs
  • Defect status
  • Comments

Q 21: What is an exit criterion and why is it used?
Ans: Exit criteria list the conditions in which the testing would be stopped at any point in the project.

It is very useful during the project execution as a guide to reject the testing build.
Some of the main exit criteria are:

  • Build Failure
  • Login failure
  • App Crash in critical functionalities
  • No data in the application
  • Failed smoke test

Q 22: What is alpha testing?
Ans: Alpha testing is the testing done by a subset of potential users or clients in the developer’s site with the development infrastructure.

Q 23: What is beta testing?
Ans: Beta testing is the testing done by a subset of the potential users or clients at their locations which is generally different from the environment where the product was developed.

Q 24: What is crowdsourced testing?
Ans: Crowdsourced testing is a new and upcoming form of testing that involves people, not necessarily testers, from across the globe to test the product and provide their feedback. These people get paid to perform the task.

Q 25: What is a smoke test?
Ans: A smoke test is the first test that is done to ensure the shared build is ready for testing and the critical functionalities are working.

In many companies, the build is accepted for further testing only if the smoke test is a pass.

Q 26: How does testing fit into a CI pipeline?
Ans: In a CI pipeline all the tasks are automated, hence testing is also automated.

A trigger is set to start the testing suite every time there is a new code check-in and build.

Once the testing is complete a pass/fail report is sent out to the stakeholders and based on the results the decision is taken to push the build to production or to roll it back.

Q 27: How is testing possible in the agile/scrum sprints?
Ans: In Agile and Scrum the testing would start early along with the development. As and when a block of code is ready, testing starts for that functionality with the help of stubs, drivers, and harness.

Q 28: What are positive and negative testing?
Ans: Positive testing refers to all the happy paths where the application performs as expected with the correct input.

Negative tests, on the other hand, involves giving incorrect data to the system to ensure it responds appropriately.

Q 29: What is an exploratory test?
Ans: Random tests that are done without any pre-decided steps to just traverse through the application and find defects are called exploratory testing.

Q 30: What is DRE?
Ans: DRE, defect removal efficiency, a metrics commonly used for evaluating the effectiveness of the testing process. It is defined as the percentage of the defect found in testing by the sum of defects in testing and production.

Q 31: What is the career path for a tester?
Ans: Just like a developer there is a great career path for testers. It starts with a tester or junior tester, test analyst, test lead, test manager, and test consultant.

Q 32: What are the roles and responsibilities of a tester?
Ans: A tester is expected to

  • Take care of the day to day testing activities
  • Report bugs when found
  • Retest the bugs

Q 33: What are the roles and responsibilities of a test lead?

Ans: A test lead would

  • Assign the tasks to the team members
  • Monitor the defects raised by the team
  • Participate in defect triages when required.
  • Consolidate and share the daily or weekly testing status with the manager
  • Help the manager while creating a test plan
  • Inform the manager of any foreseen risks

Q 34: What are the roles and responsibilities of a test manager?
Ans: A test manager is responsible for

  • Getting the testing projects from clients and stakeholders
  • Preparing and presenting the strategy document
  • Preparing the test plan with the help of a lead
  • Help the team with the resources needed
  • Help the team with mitigating the risk
  • Prepare and present the testing metrics to the team
  • Help in escalations as and when needed

Q 35: What are the different types of testing. Name a few types in each.
Ans: Testing can be divided mainly into 2 types:

  • Functional Testing: It deals with testing the functionality of the application under test. Some of the testings under functional testing are:
    1. Unit Testing
    2. System testing
    3. User Acceptance testing
    4. Integration testing
  • Non-functional testing: it involves testing the non-functional features like performance, scalability, security reliability, etc.
      1. Load testing
      2. Stress testing
      3. User Acceptance testing
      4. Security testing
      5. Endurance testing
      6. Installation testing

     

Q 36: What are the stages in the software testing lifecycle?
Ans: The stages in the software testing lifecycle are:

    1. Requirement Analysis
    2. Test Planning
    3. Test Case Development
    4. Test Environment Setup
    5. Testing
    6. Test Closure and deliverables handover

Q 37: What are the qualities of a good tester?
Ans: Some qualities of a good tester are:

    1. An eye for finding details and mistakes in the system
    2. A good understanding of the application under test and how the users would be using the application
    3. A good domain knowledge
    4. Good communication skills are important for a tester
    5. Good contacts within and outside the team help the tester reach out to people and get issues resolved easily speeding up the process.

Q 38: What is cross-browser testing?
Ans: Cross-browser testing refers to testing a web application on different browsers like Chrome, Firefox, Edge, Safari, etc. to ensure it performs equally well in each.

Q 39: What is responsive testing?
Ans: Responsive testing involves testing a website or mobile app on devices of different screen sizes to ensure it renders properly in each device. This testing also helps to eliminate any alignment issues during the rendering.

Q 40: What is a software bug?
Ans: Any deviation from the expected functionality of the application as documented in the specifications document is called a software bug.

Q 41: What is black box testing?
Ans: A type of testing where the tester understands and has access only to the input and output of a system through a graphics interface is called black-box testing. Here the tester would not know the code or how it is written.

Q 42: What is white box testing:
Ans: In white-box testing, the tester has access to the code implementation.

The test cases are designed to cover the different paths and loops in the implementation.

For white-box testing, some basic coding knowledge and background are an additional advantage.

Q 43: What are the advantages of manual testing?
Ans: The advantages of manual testing are:

    1. It is more suitable for small projects
    2. A tester can find more bugs when performing test cases unlike automation
    3. The test cases can be easily tuned to adjust to the changes in the code and UI
    4. Difficult scenarios and switching between systems and modules can be easily done
    5. Very useful in ad-hoc, exploratory, and usability testing
    6. Needs fewer skills and can be learned easily

Q 44: What are the disadvantages of manual testing?
Ans: Some disadvantages of manual testing are:

    1. It is time-consuming and not suitable for projects with strict timelines
    2. It can become redundant for functionalities that are stable with no code change
    3. Performance tests can not be performed manually
    4. It proves more expensive in the long run.
    5. With every iteration or release, the timelines keep on increasing.
    6. It is prone to human errors

Q 45: When will you choose manual testing over automation?
Ans: Under some situations, manual testing is preferred over automation, these are:

    1. Bug re-testing
    2. For testing cases, that need to be run only a few times for the project.
    3. For Adhoc and exploratory testing.
    4. For checking the user-friendliness of the application
    5. While handling complex scenarios.
    6. For testing cases, where some random decision-making is involved.

Q 46: What is a testbed?
Ans: The environment for testing with the needed parameters is called a testbed. It is a digital platform that can include the OS, hardware, software, database, network, etc.

Q 47: What is a test case?
Ans: A test case is a set of instructions that the tester is expected to perform to test functionality.

A good test case can be easily understood and run by any person even if they do not have a testing background.

Q 48: What are the details included in a test case?
Ans: A test case would include:

    1. S No.
    2. Traceability reference to the requirements document
    3. Pre-conditions
    4. Steps to reproduce
    5. Expected result
    6. Actual result
    7. Result (Pass/Fail)
    8. Bug ID
    9. Comments

Q 49: What is user acceptance testing?
Ans: Also known as end-user testing, it is performed by a subset of the actual users to understand if the application is working as expected for the users. In UAT, the users would suggest some improvements in the application that would make it more suitable.

Q 50: What is Soak Testing?Ans: Soak testing is a kind of performance testing in which the system is kept under continuous load for a long time to find defects and bottlenecks in the system. It is also called as Endurance test.

Most commonly memory leaks and system utilization-related issues can be found during these tests.

Q 51: What is localization testing?
Ans: The localization testing is done to check the functionalities that the dependent on the location. These can be related to map, search features, regional languages, etc.

Q 52: What is A/B testing?
Ans: A/B testing is done when there are 2 or more versions of the app. Both these apps are given to the client or each app is given to a set of clients,        for testing to decide which one is better and should be deployed to production.

Q 53: What are the different types of integration testing?
Ans: The different types of integration testing are:

    1. Big bang testing
    2. Bottom-up testing
    3. Top-down testing

Q 54: What is called the pesticides paradox?
Ans: When the same tests are conducted on the same system, again and again, no new defects can be found and the system becomes immune to these tests. This situation is called the pesticides paradox.

To avoid such a scenario, the tests should be modified with new strategies and approaches.

Q 55: Name some test deliverables?
Ans: Some test deliverables are:

    1. Test Plan
    2. Effort estimation report
    3. Test cases
    4. Traceability matrix
    5. Defect report
    6. Test report
    7. Test summary

Q 56: What is big-bang testing?
Ans: Testing all the modules together once the development is complete is called the big-bang testing approach. The defects found in big-bang testing have a very high fixing cost since they are found towards the end of the development cycle.

Q 57: What is top-down testing?
Ans: In the top-down testing approach, the top modules are tested first and then moved on to the smaller modules.

Stubs are used as a temporary module to assist in testing the higher modules.

Q 58: What is bottom-up testing?
Ans: Bottom-up approach is the opposite of the top-down approach, here the lower modules are tested first as and when they are ready. Moving up to bigger integrated modules.

Drivers are used to doing integration testing till the module development is complete.

Q 59: What is end-to-end testing?
Ans: End-to-end testing means testing the entire flow of the application from the start to the end. One of the biggest challenges in end-to-end testing is that it spans multiple systems, so the verification can become complex.

Q 60: What is GUI testing?
Ans: Testing an application using only the graphical user interface is called GUI testing. In this, apart from the functionality, a tester would also check the alignment, color combinations, readability, ease of navigation, etc.

Q 61: What is recovery testing?
Ans: This testing is done to check how soon the system can recover after a system crash. It is a type of non-functional testing.

Q 62: What is risk-based testing?
Ans: In risk-based testing, the critical modules and those which are likely to have more failures are tested first. This type of test prioritization based on risk is the basis of risk-based testing.

Q 63: What is security testing?
Ans: The testing that is done to find the vulnerabilities in the system, protect the data, and ensure the functionalities are working as expected is called security testing.

It also involves checking the access to systems. This means people with different access levels should be able to access only parts of the system they are allowed to as per the business.

Q 64: What is load testing?
Ans: Load testing is done to see the performance of the application under load. A load is simulated on the system and then functional testing is performed to find the bottlenecks in the system.

Q 65: Name some best practices in software testing.
Ans: Some best practices are:

    1. Start early
    2. Update your test cases, and test approach frequently to identify more defects
    3. Always think like the client
    4. Think out of the box
    5. Automate repeated tests and focus more testing on new modules

Q 66: What is exhaustive testing?
Ans: Exhaustive testing is testing the system with all the valid and invalid inputs.

In most cases, exhaustive testing is not possible and a tester would go with BVA or equivalence partition techniques to test the application.

Q 67: What is the 80:20 rule?
Ans: The 80:20 rule states that 80% of the defects are found in 20% of the code. This is also called defect clustering.

Q 68: What is defect cascading?
Ans: The phenomenon where one defect if left undetected, triggers multiple defects in other modules and later stages are called defect cascading.

The cost of fixing this defect cascading can be high, due to the greater number of defects in the system.

Q 69: What is outsourced testing?
Ans: Assigning the testing task to a third party or separate team within or outside the company is called outsourced testing.

This is done to ensure free and unbiased testing. Sometimes it is also helpful in giving a fresh perspective to the testing activity.

Q 70: What is bug leakage?
Ans: A bug that is missed by the testing team during the testing phase and escapes undetected to production, where it is discovered by the actual user is called leaked bug and the phenomenon is called bug leakage.

Q 71: What is a show stopper defect?
Ans: A defect that does not allow the testing activities to proceed is called a show stopper defect.

App crash on launch and login failures are examples of show stopper defects.

Q 72: What is a hotfix?
Ans: Sometimes a build that is deployed to production would have some critical error and it would be rolled back.

Now an emergency fix for the issue is released as a new patch and this build is called a hotfix.

Q 73: What are the different models of SDLC?
Ans: The main models are:

    1. Waterfall model
    2. V model
    3. Spiral model
    4. Agile

Q 74: Name some challenges in software testing?
Ans: Some challenges in software testing

    1. Insufficient documentation or unfrozen requirements.
    2. Unavailability of skilled testing resources
    3. Stringent timelines
    4. Unstable systems and incomplete modules are given for testing

Q 75: What is the age of a defect?
Ans: The age of the defect is defined as the number of days between the day the defect is accepted or assigned by the development team and the day it is verified and closed by the testing team.

The age of the defect can be defined in hours and days.

Conclusion

We wholeheartedly hope that you crack the next manual tester interview and the manual testing interview questions that we have prepared for you have helped in it.

Performance Tester Salary in India

Posted on by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

How much does a performance tester/performance engineer earn in india based on their experience and expertise? if you reached this blog seeking the answer your direction is right! Let’s have a look at performance tester salaries in India.
Let us now look at the performance tester salary of employees at present vs average expected salary in various IT hubs in India.
Performance Tester Salary in Pune
After Mumbai Pune is the second-best tech hub in the state, Pune plays a pivotal role in the growth of the IT hub in Maharashtra.
The salary packages for performance testers vary based on the city and also the size or number of organizations in the area. There are several companies in Pune with excellent opportunities for performance testers.  There are more than 80+ companies are Pune that has performance testing as one of their major services.
Based on data gathered from performance testers, we are trying to compare the current as well as the expected salary of employees who are looking for a job change

Experience Current salary Expected salary
2-4 yrs 4-6 LPA 5-7 LPA
4-5 yrs 8-7 LPA 7-8 LPA
5-6+ yrs 7-9 LPA 10-12 LPA


Performance Tester Salary in Bangalore
Bangalore in our very own Silicon Valley, the biggest IT hub of the country. Bangalore has always been the favorite of IT-based employees owing to the salary package offered by the companies there. When it comes to performance tester salary story remains the same. Let’s have a look

Experience Current salary Expected salary
2-4 yrs 5.7-6.25 LPA 5.20-7.30 LPA
4-5 yrs 8.15-7.20 LPA 7-8 LPA
5-6+ yrs 7.5-9 LPA 10.5-12.5 LPA

 Performance Tester Salary in Chennai
Chennai is one of the fast-growing and one of the biggest IT hubs in South India. Today Chennai is home to many big companies and well-known IT parks of the country including Elcot SEZ, Tidel Park, MEPS, Ramanujan IT  Park, Mahindra World City, ASV Suntech Park, RMZ Millenia, and many more.
Chennai is the right place to be if you are a fresher. The place offers a decent package as well as a fertile ground for budding performance testers.  Let’s have a look at the salary disparities.

Experience Current salary Expected salary
2-4 yrs 5.1-5.25 LPA 5.3-6.30 LPA
4-5 yrs 6.75-7 LPA 7.2-8.3 LPA
5-6+ yrs 7.5-9 LPA 10.5-12.5 LPA

Performance Tester Salary in Hyderabad
Another upcoming IT hub of South India is Hyderabad which is locally also called Cyberabad for obvious reasons. There are many IT hubs created in the area for the promotions of IT Infrastructure.
At present Hyderabad is home to many well-known names in IT including Google, Microsoft, GE, Qualcomm, Facebook, Amazon, and more. This list itself speaks volumes of the opportunities available in the region for every IT professional.

Also Read: Salary of testers in various countries revealed

Let’s have a look at the current average salary employees are drawing vs the expected average salary of performance testers

Experience Current salary Expected salary
2-4 yrs 3.7-5.8 LPA 5-7 LPA
4-5 yrs 6.5-8 LPA 7-8 LPA
5-6+ yrs 7-9 LPA 8-10 LPA

Performance Tester Salary in Mumbai
Mumbai! the name says it all. It’s a known fact that Mumbai is indeed one of the most prominent tech hubs in India. The salary package offered by various companies dwindles drastically owing to the budget variances of the company located there. From MNCs and here is what we got to know from the survey we conducted from performance testers working in Mumbai.

Experience Current salary Expected salary
2-4 yrs 4.20 -5.8 LPA 5-6.5 LPA
4-5 yrs 6.05-7 LPA 6-7 LPA
5-6+ yrs 8-8.5 LPA 9-11 LPA


Conclusion
Hope the idea about performance tester salary in India is clear now.  It’s expected that the role of a performance tester to performance engineer will happen widely across the dev world soon.

Top 50 Must Read Jmeter Interview Questions

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To be able to answer the questions about Jmeter Interview Questions you must go through the most frequently asked interview questions about the tool. Let’s have a look.
Q 1: What is JMeter?
Ans: JMeter is a Java-based tool used for Performance and Load Testing. It simulates virtual users and sends multiple requests to the server. It then collects the response and other details to assess the performance of the system under different conditions.
Q 2: Explain Samplers and Thread Groups in JMeter?
Ans: Sampler generates sample results sets with different attributes like time, data size, etc. These allow JMeter to send requests to the server. Some of the most frequently used samplers are HTTP requests, JDBC requests, etc.
Thread Groups are user sets that contain the details of the number of users to be loaded into the system and the time gap between them. It is the basic step for any load testing activity.
Q 3: What is a pre-processor element? Name some.
Ans: A pre-processor is something that is executed before the sampler executes. It can be used to set the values for the sample request.
Some of the pre-processor elements are:

  • HTTP URL re-writing modifier
  • BeanShellPreProcessor
  • HTML link parser

Q 4: What is the order in which the test elements are executed?
Ans: The sequence is:

  • Configuration elements
  • Pre-processors
  • Timers
  • Samplers
  • Post-processors
  • Assertions
  • Listeners

Q 5: What is a regular expression? What is the difference between “contain” and “matches” in the regular expression?
Ans: A regular expression is a pattern used to search and match a particular text.
In a regular expression, “contain” means the search text can be some part of the matched expression. Like “press” in “expression”. “Matches” on the other hand need to match the complete expression. “exp.n” for “expression”.
Q 6: What are the configuration elements?
Ans: A configuration element works in parallel with Samplers. They are used to set the default values for variables.
Q 7: What is a timer in JMeter? Mention different types of timers?
Ans: JMeter is designed to send requests to the server continuously without a break. If we need a pause in between successive requests we can make use of the timer. There are many timers available and some of the most common ones are:

  • Constant Timer
  • Gaussian Random Timer
  • Uniform Random Timer
  • Synchronizing Timer

Q 8: What is an assertion? Name some assertions in JMeter.
Ans: Assertions are used to help validate and verify the server response with the expected results.
Some of the common Assertions are:

  • Response Assertion
  • Duration Assertion
  • Size Assertion
  • XML Assertion
  • HTML Assertion

Q 9: Can you do spike testing using JMeter?
Ans: With help of a synchronization timer we can achieve a spike effect in JMeter. A synchronizing timer will block all requests till a particular number of threads are blocked and then release them all together, creating a huge load or spike.

Tensed regarding your Automation Tester Interview?: Read This blog

Q 10: What is distributed load testing?
Ans: The load testing in which loads are simulated from numerous systems to create a huge load is called distributed load testing. In JMeter, we can use the master-slave configuration to achieve distributed load testing.
Q 11: What are the benefits of JMeter?
Ans: The benefits of JMeter are:

  • It can be used for the performance testing of both static and dynamic resources
  • It can handle the maximum number of concurrent users
  • It provides very detailed graphical results and analysis.

Q 12: What are the protocols supported by JMeter?
Ans: The protocols supported by JMeter are:

  • Web: HTTP, HTTPS
  • Web Services: SOAP /XML RPC
  • Database via JDBC
  • Directory: LDAP
  • Messaging via JMS
  • Service: POP3, IMAP, SMTP
  • FTP Service

Mobile app test cost calculator
Q 13: What is the difference between Test Fragment and Thread Group?
Ans: Test Fragments are similar to Thread Groups with the difference that they are implemented only when they are referenced by a Module controller or an Include controller.
Q 14: What are Configuration Elements?
Ans: Configuration Elements are used to create variables and default values for the Samplers. They can also be used to alter the requests made by the Samplers. It is executed at the start of the scope and can be accessed only within that branch.
Q 15: How will use ensure the reusability of your JMeter scripts?
Ans:  Some things that help improve the reusability are:

  • Use of config elements like “CSV Data Set Config”, “User-Defined Variables”
  • Modularizing the tasks and calling them via Module Controller
  • Writing BeanShell functions.

Q 16:Name some listeners in JMeter?
Ans: Some listeners are:

  • BeanShell Listener
  • Monitor Results
  • Aggregate Report
  • Summary Report
  • View Results Tree
  • Spline Visualiser

Q 17: Name the different types of controllers?
Ans: There are mainly 2 types of controllers in JMeter:

  • Samplers Controllers – They are used to send specific requests to the server and simulate the user request.
  • Logical Controllers – Logical Controllers control the flow or order of processing of the Samplers. It can be used to change the sequence of requests coming from the child element.

Q 18: What is a workbench?
Ans: Workbench is like a storage area for components that can be added to the test plan as per the need. They are not saved with the test plan but get saved as Test Fragments separately.
Q 19: What is co-relation in JMeter?
Ans: Co-relation is the process of extracting a value from the response received, to use in upcoming requests. This is especially useful for session-id, cookies, etc.
Q 20: Can JMeter be used for load testing mobile applications?
Ans: Yes, JMeter can be used for sending HTTP or HTTPS to the server from your mobile application provided both the mobile and the server are on the same network.
Q 21: What is a root CA certificate?
Ans: In the case of HTTPS requests, when the browser hits the server, authentication is required. JMeter can generate this certificate temporarily to intercept the traffic and record the actions. To perform the action on mobiles, the certificate needs to be installed on your mobile as well. These are called the root CA certificates.
Q 22: What is the default screen in JMeter?
Ans: The default screen in JMeter opens the Test Plan and Workbench tabs.
Q 23: What is a Test Plan and what the important elements in the Test Plan?
Ans: A test plan contains the details of the things to test and how the tests are carried out. A test plan in JMeter contains the following elements:

  • Pre-processor Elements
  • Post-processor Elements
  • Thread Groups
  • Controllers
  • Listeners
  • Timers
  • Assertions
  • Configuration Elements

Q 24: Is it possible to reduce resource utilization in JMeter?
Ans: Some of the popular ways to minimize resource utilization while running JMeter are:

  • Use a non-GUI mode for running the tests
  • Use only the minimal number of listeners
  • Avoid using the “View Result Tree” listener as it consumes a lot of space
  • Use parameterization where ever possible
  • Avoid the functional mode
  • For the output select CSV instead of XML
  • Disable unwanted graphs, they consume a lot of space

Q 25: What is Beanshell scripting?
Ans: BeanShell is a lightweight java scripting that can help you with complex and application-specific tasks.
Q 26: What is the difference between Gaussian and Poisson Timers?
Ans: Both the timers use mathematical formulas to create delays and offsets. The difference between the two is that in the Gaussian Timer the deviation value is calculated whereas in Poisson the lambda value is calculated.
Q 27: How can you configure the master-slave configuration?
Ans: The master-slave configuration is used for distributed load testing.
To configure we can:

  • Edit the JMeter.properties file on the master machine and add the IP addresses of the slave machines in the remote_host field.
  • Save the properties file and relaunch JMeter for the changes to be effective
  • From the RUN menu, select Remote Start and choose the above-added IP address of the slave machine. Choose Remote Start all to invoke all the slave machines.

Q 28: Which is the XML parser present in JMeter?
Ans: Apache’s Xerces XML parser
Q 29: What is the default protocol used for testing a web service using SSL encryption?
Ans: TLS protocol is used for testing web services using SSL encryption.
Q 30: What is the default LDAP port over SSL?
Ans: 625
Q 31: What is the maximum number of users that can be simulated by JMeter?
Ans: JMeter can simulate an unlimited number of users. The number of users is equal to the number of threads in a test plan. The only limitation to the number of threads is the hardware resources of the test machine. For getting a higher number of users we may need to scale up the hardware.

Are you a tester? Then you must go through these interview questions

Q 32:Can JMeter be used for API testing?
Ans: Yes, it can be used for SOAP and REST web services testing. Performance testing of RESTful API can also be done with JMeter.
Q 33: What is a JTL file in JMeter?
Ans: JTL stands for JMeter Test Logs. It contains the results of the tests. The file extension of the JTL file can be selected before the execution. If the same file is selected for multiple runs, each subsequent result gets appended to the end of the same file.
Q 34: What is the latest version of JMeter?
Ans: The latest version is JMeter 5.4.1 and it was released in January 2021.
Q 35:What is Throughput in JMeter?
Ans: Throughput is the number of requests served or successfully processed per unit of time.
Throughput = (No. of requests)/(total time)
Q 36:How can you calculate the number of concurrent users?
Ans: Concurrent users mean the number of users performing the same operation at the same time in the system. The number of users in the system can be found out using the number of threads. But a vague calculation of the number of concurrent users – if there are
100 unique visitors, with each visitor spending 10 mins in the system. Then we can say that the number of concurrent users is 100/10 = 10 users.
Q 37: What is the load time in JMeter?
Ans: In JMeter, load time refers to the total time before sending a request to after receiving a response. For multiple threads, the load time is calculated at the thread level and is the total time between the thread request and the response received.
Load Time = Time after a response is received – Time before a request is sent.
Q 38: What are Monitor Tests?
Ans: Monitor Tests are generally used for stress testing. They provide additional information about server performance. It also helps to monitor multiple servers from the console.
Q 39:Can we use Selenium scripts in JMeter?
Ans: Yes we can. One way is by using Junit libraries to create Selenium scripts, save them as Jars and copy them to the JMeter directory. Another way is to add the web driver sampler plugin to the JMeter ext folder.
Q 40: Explain how JMeter works?
Ans: JMeter simulates multiple concurrent users using threads and sends requests to the server, create a load. It then measures the time and performance of the server and displays it in the form of tables and graphs.
Q 41: What is the ramp-up period in JMeter?
Ans: While running load tests, all the users are not loaded into the system together. The number of users is slowly and progressively increased to better understand the system bottlenecks and performance. The ramp-up period is thus the time taken for all the users to get into the system.
Q 42: What is the Rendezvous Point?
Ans: The Rendezvous Point is the term used with stress testing. It is the point at which all the delayed requests are released to hit the server and create a spike.
Q 43: What are Post-Processors?
Ans: Post-Processors are the elements of the test plan that are executed after the sampler request execution. Generally, they are used for extracting some values from the sampler response.
Q 44: What is the 90% line in JMeter?
Ans: 90% line is one of the metrics of the Aggregate Report Listener. It means 90% of the responses were within this limit. It is similar to the percentile value and can also be called the 90th percentile of the response time.
jmeter interview questions
Q 45: What are the common techniques of Performance Testing?
Ans: The most common performance testing techniques are:

  • Spike Testing
  • Load Testing
  • Volume Testing
  • Endurance Testing
  • Stress Testing

Q 46: How can you run JMeter in GUI mode?
Ans: The following command is used to run JMeter in GUI mode:
:jmeter -n -ttest.jmx -l test.jtl
Q 47: How can you analyze the JMeter results?
Ans: The JMeter results are stored in the .jtl file. It is possible to add different graphs like the response time graph, aggregate report, etc. We can also analyze the response time and the TPS (transactions per second). In some cases, we may also want to add some plugins to get additional graphs.
Q 48:Is it possible to configure email notifications in JMeter?
Ans: Yes, we can use the SMTP sampler to trigger emails at the start and end of the JMeter tests.
Q 49: What are the different types of recording in JMeter?
Ans: JMeter allows manual and automation recording. For automation recording, we can use the workbench to record the script. For manual recording, we can make use of fiddler or network log (F12)
Q 50: How can you forcefully stop a test in the middle of the execution?
Ans: For Windows machines, we can double-click on the stoptest.bat and shutdown.bat to forcefully stop the test. In the case of Mac, stoptest.sh and shutdown.sh files need to be double-clicked.
Hope you have gone through all of the Jmeter interview questions we have listed here. We wish you all the best!