Code Coverage vs test coverage, how do they differ? Code coverage and test coverage are very important when it comes to checking the effectiveness of code. Before explaining in detail about the cruciality of Code Coverage and Test Coverage in software testing. let’s find out how do they differ. Even though code coverage and test coverage are misunderstood they lot their meaning and usage differ a lot.
So, Code Coverage vs Test Coverage how do they differ? Let’s have a look
What is Code Coverage in the unit testing?
Code coverage is the degree to which any application code of any software has been executed. A huge number of test cases are applied to the application code, and the software is then checked. This is a case of white box testing.
White-box testing of this type sends the report of the application codes that are left unassessed by the test case that has been applied to the application code. In some specific situations, several test cases are further included to have better code coverage.
Usually, the term code coverage is used when an application is in its current running state. While the application is running, code coverage lets the developers know about the number of codes that have been unit tested/covered. In other words, it gives a quantitative measure of how much code has been executed and how much code has been left untouched. This report can further be used for better software testing purposes.
After learning what code coverage is, a question pops up about why someone would need the concept of code coverage. This is a confusion in the minds of many. Here is a brief description of why we need code coverage during software testing.
Wish to know the difference between smoke testing and sanity testing?
Developing a good quality software test and applying it to the application code is not enough. While the software code is running, the developers also need to assess the fact of whether the software test is being carried out efficiently or not. For this purpose, code coverage is required. Without code coverage, no one would ever know if the software test that was carried out was efficient or not.
Code coverage gives an exact measure of the code that has been tested. It makes it easier for developers to look for the code that remained untested. As testing the code is very important, the accidental leaving out of any code from testing can turn out very disadvantageous. This is why an exact quantitative measure of the tested code becomes extremely important when testing any software’s source code.
The developers get to know what amount of codes have been tested, and hence, they can assess those codes carefully. This makes it very easier for the developers to make their software free of any potential errors and glitches. It gives out the degree of the software code that has been tested.
After the reason for the necessity of the code coverage is discussed, next comes the methods to carry out software testing. Here are the five broadly classified methods or coverages that come under code coverage. Methods of Carrying out the Code Coverage
Statement Coverage: Statement coverage is the type of white box testing where the statement coverage makes sure that the executable portions in the application code are executed at least once if not more. It tells about the statements that can be executed at least once through the given requirements.
Statement coverage covers the entire source code and gives out what is not executed. This turns out to be very advantageous to the developers as they can remove all the drawbacks of the application codes.
Statement coverage helps to remove the possible drawbacks of the application code which includes all the dead codes which are the piece of code that calculates the results, but the results are never utilized. These codes are a wastage of space and hence are supposed to be removed.
Statement coverage also helps to identify the unused statements and branches. There are certain statements and branches in the application code that are never used. These statements and branches should be removed. Any missing statement is also reported, and the developers can deal with it as they please.
Decision Coverage: Decision coverage is based on Boolean concepts. The true or false value of Boolean expressions is reported through this coverage.
Branch Coverage: In branch coverage, the modules of codes are tested and reported. The main motive of branch coverage is to ensure that each branch of the application is executed at least once if not more. It also helps to measure how many independent statements exist in the application code.
Condition Coverage: Condition coverage reveals the way using which the variables in the conditional statements are evaluated. It is a better way to provide proper coverage to the control flow, which was not the case with decision coverage.
Finite State Machine Coverage: It works based on the frequency of visits of static states and other transactions like these. Finite state machine coverage turns out to be the most complicated method of coverage as the basics of this type of coverage work on the design of the structure of the software.
Now, one might be confused as to which method should be chosen for the task that would prove the most efficient one. This decision is made on many criteria. Some of the criteria include the number of defects permissible or the probability of errors arising. Another one would be the cost that is involved in the software testing type.
Though the main decision of choosing the method is dependent on the number of defects or loss of sale that can occur. The higher is the number of defects probable, the lower would be the chances of using that specific coverage for the software testing. What are the Advantages of Using Code Coverage?
After reading the information above, it is normal to have confusion regarding why anyone should choose code coverage over any other coverage. Here, the advantages provided by the code coverage is mentioned below:
Quantitative in Nature: Code coverage is one such unique coverage that gives out the results in a quantitative measure. This quantitative measure can be very useful to the developers.
Can introduce Own Test Cases: In case the already available test cases do not provide the proper testing of the software, one can introduce their own test cases to make the coverage more efficient. This probably is the best advantage of code coverage as it can help you to make your coverage more and more effective.
Easy Removal of dead Codes and Errors: Some areas of the program are left unattended in the execution time. Or maybe there is an existence of dead codes or useless codes. In such cases, code coverage provides the best way to figure out and remove the errors easily. This increases the efficiency of the coverage performed.
But just like every coin, even code coverage comes with its own set of limitations and disadvantages. How to get 100% code coverage?
it’s possible but will be very expensive to attain 100% code coverage
Even with 100% code coverage, your code has no guarantee of being perfect
100% test coverage does not mean that the suite is perfect. What you need is 100% path coverage
it will depend on the language and framework you use. For instance, Ruby has a very mockable framework through which you can stub or mock out a large portion of the code and will save you from building complicated class composition and construction designs
TDD is the best way to attain 100% line coverage
Unit tests can be used as a regression prevention method
What is path coverage in software testing?
Test cases that can be put to use to test linearly independent paths in a software system. in the short, the control flow of an application will be tested in the path coverage process. Testers have to look into each individual line of code that plays its part in a particular module to make sure that there is no issues. What are the Disadvantages of Code Coverage?
Unable to Report Special Features: Code coverage lacks the ability to report the absence of any special features that should have been implemented in the application code. This absence can harm the software significantly, but while using code coverage, this section of coding limitations is left untouched and hence proves to be very disadvantageous to the developers and their software.
Impossible to Check all Possible Values: If a new feature is added, it is almost impossible to check all the possible values of the feature using the concept of code coverage. This is a drawback as some of those values can turn out to be useless.
Unable to Detect improper Usage of Logic: Code coverage fails to detect the improper usage of logic in the code. The improper logic can make the whole software go in vain. This is probably the biggest drawback of using code coverage for software testing.
This was code coverage in Code Coverage vs Test Coverage. Test coverage is another software testing metric with a little bit of difference. What is code coverage in unit testing?
Test coverage can often be confused with code coverage, but the truth is that it is quite different. Test coverage provides the amount of test that has been executed. It reports about the parts of the application that are running when the coverage is being implemented. It gives the report of the tests that have been carried out on the application. We can say it is more about the test instead of application codes. Why do We use Test Coverage?
When there are so many coverages out there, what was the need for test coverage in such a situation? The answer to this question is given below:
One thing about test coverage is that it reports the area of requirement which has not been covered by the test cases.
It also helps to detect the areas of the test cases that are useless to software testing. These cases are reported to the developers.
It can also help the developers to create additional test cases whenever and wherever required. These additional test cases help ensure that the coverage is maximum.
What are the Advantages of Test Coverage?
Test coverage provides some special features that prove advantageous for the developers.
Test coverage enhances the quality of the coverage over the software testing and thereby improves software testing.
It marks the portions of the application codes that were touched or may be fixed.
The paths that remained untested are also reported to the developers.
Any defect that could generate potential threats for the software in the future is detected early in the course of execution and thereby fixed. This improves the efficiency of software testing.
Any gaps or scopes in the test requirements are noted and brought to the notice of the developer as soon as possible.
Test coverage can prevent any defect leakage.
What are the Disadvantages of Test Coverage?
The test coverage also has its own set of drawbacks, which can make any developer hesitate from using the test coverage.
The disadvantages are listed below:
Manual in Nature:The biggest and most disadvantageous defect of the test coverage is that it doesn’t have any tools available. Yes, that’s right that test coverage is very efficient, but the setback is that everything is manual. One needs a proper professional to sit down and do the testing work, which is hectic and causes some inefficiency on its own. There are almost no automated tools available that help the manual work become even a tad bit easier.
Scope of Judgmental Errors: There can always be a huge number of judgmental errors even after carrying out the whole test coverage very efficiently and properly.
Scope for Careless Errors: The introduction of manual work always introduces a scope of careless errors. Any slight carelessness on the part of the professional carrying out the software testing can prove to be very disadvantageous for the software. This could be a huge setback.
Code Coverage vs Test Coverage
S.No.
Property
Code Coverage
Test Coverage
1.
Definition
It refers to the execution of the application code while the application is running.
It is not a specific plan or result but the overall test plan issued for the codes.
2.
Aim of the coverage
The automated tests that are running can be monitored by the developers using code coverage.
It gives a measure of the amount of code that has been processed and run by the tests.
3.
Subtypes of the coverage
Code coverage has a number of subtypes which include statement coverage, condition coverage, Branch coverage, Toggle coverage, FSM coverage.
Test coverage has no subtypes. It is all just complete in itself.
Tools used of Code Coverage
There are several tools available in the market to check code coverage. These include both open-source and paid tools. Most of these tools can also be integrated with the build and project management tools for better results. While selecting a code coverage is important to check the features it offers along with its integration with other tools used by your team.
Some of the popular code coverage tools are:
py
It is an open-source code coverage tool for python. It records the codes that are executed as part of the testing and gives the result in percentage. It can be used to measure how much of the code is tested per test cycle. It also reports out the part of the code that could have been executed but was not. This helps to plan the testing activities better for the next cycle.
Serenity BDD
It is mainly a UAT (User Acceptance Testing) tool that also provides code coverage options. It allows you to write epics, sub-epics, and stories for each code path and user behavior. The results generate from Serenity BDD contain much more details than just code coverage. Another advantage is that it can easily integrate with several other popular tools like Appium, Sauce Labs, Jenkins, Jira, and more.
JaCoCo
JaCoCo, Java Code Coverage, is an actively maintained code coverage tool that became popular after EMMA and Cobertura were retired. It can be easily integrated with Maven, Gradle, Jenkins, Visual Studio among others to get an understanding of the java code coverage during the testing.
PITest
It boasts itself as the gold standard in test and code coverage. While most code coverage tools only tell you what lines of codes were executed and the ones that were missed, PITest also uses mutation testing and helps your code to find more bugs also. PITestt modifies the actual code to run unit tests on it and thus helps in finding issues as well.
NoUnit
It was developed by FirstPartners.net and is used the check the code coverage for Junit tests. It gives you a clear understanding of the part of the code that was executed and the part that was missed. It generates a color code report which is very easy to interpret even by non-technical people. Tools used for Test Coverage
Unlike code coverage, test coverage can not be quantified. Test coverage mostly refers to the coverage with respect to the functionality or module and not the code. Many times you may need to write some code to analyze your code coverage. There are some code frameworks that can help you with your test coverage.
Junit: It is the unit testing framework for Java. It is open an open-source tool have can very well be used for Test Driven Development (TDD) as well as for finding the test coverage. This framework is very popular among both developers and testers.
PyUnit: PyUnit is another very popular framework that is used in TDD and helps with the test coverage calculations as well. It can be used for writing test cases, unit test cases, test cases, and even test fixtures. As the name suggests, it is used for Python developers and testers as well.
Conclusion
Both code coverage and test coverage are the measurements of assessing the quality of the software testing that is being carried out. Both are extremely essential when it comes to software testing and checking the internal coding and structure of the system. So there is no point in carrying out code coverage vs test coverage
In layman terms, the code coverage metric tells about the application code that is being executed. While the test coverage is mainly focused on the overall test plan. Everything is done only to focus on the well-functioning of the software that is supposed to be launched.
Before you browse through the best software testing institutes in India, first it’s important to know why testing is an integral part of any organization. Software testing process intended to execute and find bugs, verifying that the software is ready for use.
Despite the fact that the importance of software testing may seem insignificant, the testing process is always an equally integral part of development and planning. Software testing is all about checking the product’s quality with various test cases implemented automatically or manually as a bug-free application or software is the main reason to perform testing.
Finding the best institute which would bring out the best tester in you is a difficult task, as there are many institutes that give a fake promise of offering employment and 100% commitment. Therefore, before you enrol to institutes, make sure you study them well to avoid any frauds. Nevertheless, it is you who should try to convert your knowledge into an opportunity after certification in testing.
So to make your search hassle-free, we have brought 10 top institutes for your software testing training needs.
1. ISTQB (International Software Testing Qualifications Board)
ISTQB is a non-profit, software testing certifications board that has a global presence. It is headquartered in Belgium and conducts online software testing exams within centres across the world. In the United States, it is one of the certifications you ought to take to work in any company.
To qualify for this test, the ISTQB has a set of pre-defined standards and syllabus. Since long, it has been one of the favourite certifications for those looking for an IT job overseas. It’s also seen that professionals with ISTQB get good promotions, incentives and raises.
2. CMC Limited
A TATA enterprise that offers you a range of certifications in various niches of software development and is a leading IT consulting and BPO organization in India with a CMMI Level V accreditation. One of the main courses there includes ‘Diploma in software testing’ which offer manual techniques, as well as automation techniques in software testing.
CMC offers 3 months course of software testing and helps students to learn without an IT background.
3. CETPA
Well, if you want to get huge exposure to a number of advanced technologies in software testing techniques and concepts in real-time projects, this is the place for you. The institute offers hands-on experience on various tools like Load Runner, Selenium, HP Quality Control etc.
CETPA basically operated in the northern regions of India viz. Lucknow, Noida, Roorkee and Meerut. It encompasses more than 13 years of experience in teaching and bringing up talents and they cover testing domains in manual, automation and database.
4. Seed Infotech Ltd
If you are looking for a training institute in and around Maharashtra state, come to this destination. Seed Infotech has made its name around and is considered one of the best testing institutes for manual and automation testing training with its headquarters in Pune, Maharashtra. They even offer ISTQB training that we just discussed above.
Seed InfoTech makes sure you are not only trained for the course but also get you ready for mock-up interviews and placements. They now have more than 50 centres around India and are associated with 300+ companies.
5. Qspiders Software Testing Training Institute
Based at Bengaluru-India, Qspiders is a reputed name among people students and professionals seeking a testing training. They provide you with hard copy study materials along with training to improve your communication skills. And now it has centres in many other major metro cities in India.
Qspiders also claims to place its students in top MNC’s and help build a successful career.
6. STC Technologies
STC Technologies was established in the year 2000 at Chennai with a vision to provide world-class software testing training with its professional curriculum. All the study materials are based on the latest trends in the industry and by expert professionals.
The institute also provides e-learning facility and has a perfect balance between theory and practical sessions. The course, Diploma in Software Testing, contains 3 modules with extensive practical experience.
Based at Delhi, QA Campus is a leading institute that provides certification courses in various IT Niches. With end-to-end SQA and software testing training solutions, we understand the requirements of the software industry that strive to impart the SQA skills required to succeed in an evolving market scenario.
Established in Mumbai, SQUAD Infotech is known for its top-quality software testing courses and solid support with regard to placements. SQUAD Infotech provides a niche approach to the field of manual testing and automated testing with tools such as Selenium and JIRA so that students acquire practical skills relevant in real-life test cases.
The commitment of the institute in offering extensive assistance with regard to interview preparation and job placements makes it a reputable source for those looking forward to penetrating into the software testing realm.
Pune-based MindScripts Technologies has a reputation for its hands-on approach to software testing education. Mindscripts focus on hands-on training by offering courses that include manual testing, automation testing, and performance testing. The institutes emphasis on real- time projects provides students with great practical knowledge, by which the students become capable of facing challenges in the software testing industry.
TechnoScripts, based in Pune, is a leading institute to provide full-fledged software testing courses. TechnoScripts offers a curriculum that includes manual testing, automation testing using Selenium, and performance testing via JMeter which enables students to learn competencies required in the real world.
The emphasis on practical exposure through liveprojects helps build a comprehensive learning environment. TechnoScripts serves to equip students with a diverse array of roles within the software testing domain and thus, it is a good option.
Key points to consider when choosing a software testing institute:
1. Reputation and Accreditation:
● Investigate the institute’s standing in the industry.
● Determine accreditation by recognized bodies or affiliations with reputable organizations.
2. Course Content and Curriculum:
● Assess the adequacy and thoroughness of software testing courses.
● Make sure your curriculum includes both theoretical concepts and practical applications.
3. Faculty Expertise:
● Evaluate the faculty qualifications and experience.
● Find out whether the instructors have hands-on experience from industry in software testing.
4. Industry-Relevant Skills:
● Ensure that the institute provides skills which conform to modern market needs.
● Seek exposure to the newest testing tools and approaches.
5. Placement Assistance:
● Ask about the institute’s placement support and success percentages.
● Ensure that they render services such as resume writing, interview preparation and job placement.
6. Real-Time Project Exposure:
● Make certain the institute provides practical exposure through live projects.
● Learning software testing without practical knowledge is impossible.
7. Infrastructure and Facilities:
● Analyze the institute’s infrastructure with respect to computer laboratories and testing instruments.
● Good facilities create a favourable learning environment.
8. Reviews and Testimonials:
● Check out reviews and testimonials from previous students.
● Consider the comments on training effectiveness and post-course support.
9. Certification Recognition:
● Verify the recognition of certificates issued by the institute.
● Certifications should be accepted in the industry.
10. Cost and Value for Money:
● Assess the total cost of the training program.
● Evaluate the return on investment as regards to the quality of education and post- training services.
11. Flexible Learning Options:
● Make sure that the institute offers flexible studying conditions, such as distance education or evening classes.
● Flexibility can be crucial for people with other responsibilities.
12. Continuous Learning Support:
● Ask about follow-up support and resources for ongoing learning.
● A great institute should provide alumni with information on current trends in the industry.
By considering these factors, you can make an informed decision when choosing a software testing institute that aligns with your career goals and ensures a valuable learning experience.
Recently, they brought forward the concept of Career Start Program (CSP) which was specially designed for fresher’s and IT aspirants. With more than 13 years of experience, this institute has achieved many milestones in the software testing industry and has helped several students to get placed at companies like Test Origen Pvt Ltd, Crystal Hues Pvt Ltd etc.
Conclusion
Certainly, after reading this blog, you are now familiar with the best software institutes in India. For more details, you can visit their websites to get a piece of detailed information about their courses and fees. Those who want to make a career in IT, but not into the development line, can look around for testing courses.
But always keep in mind whatever certification you do, it should map to your experience. Even if you have an expert/advanced level certification at an initial stage of the career, but merely doing a course would not just guarantee better growth, both in terms of personal learning and professional aspirations.
We are sure you are here because you want to know what software testing tutorial is all about and how will it take you to the next level of your career. Before we start, software testing methodologies of verifying and validating that all the bugs/faults in a software product are resolved and is fit for use by the end user.
Software testing doesn’t just stop at fixing all the bugs, but building a strategy that can improve the products usability, accuracy and reliability. In this blog, we’ll help you understand the concepts and techniques involved in the process which will certainly help you to decide if this is the right profession you are looking for.
Software testing can be divided into two paces:
Validation
Verification
Validation is referring to various types of pre-specified tasks to ensure it matches with the customers’ requirements. It involves tasks like automated testing, running scripts and checking functional dependencies.
Whereas, Verification refers to checking the tasks that make the product actually run in its real-time. It involves reviewing the test cases, inspections, and documentation
Some key differences are as follows:
S. No
Validation
Verification
1
Does the final product actually meet what was proposed?
Is the product built with respect to the requirements?
Types of Software Testing
If you ever had to visit a training institute or an interview, you certainly must have heard the terms automation and manual testing. Well, that’s nothing but types of testing. So let us classify these two: Manual Testing:
Manual testing is the process undertaken by a tester himself to check if the systems perform as expected. In other words, the testing is done without using any automated tool or script.
The Manual Tests include a set of test cases defined by the tester and then each case is verified for their respective functions. To do this, the tester has to follow some steps:
Requirement Analysis
To successfully run manual tests, you should first know what the application is all about and what output is expected from its behaviors. For this, you need to analyze its requirements and study it thoroughly. By doing this you will know what you are testing and makes reaching your goal a lot easier.
Writing Test Cases:
A well-written test case allows you to understand and run the tests with ease. It is like a guide that supports you during your testing process. There are many software’s now that allows you to tip down those cases. While you write the tests, make sure you think like an end-user. After-all you are testing it for them.
Regulate the Test Cases
Once you are done writing all test cases, it’s time for executing each one of them. Jot down the “Passed”, “Failed” and “Skipped” tests and leave the rest for the developers to fix.
Logging of Bugs
Once you identify the state of the bugs, make sure you follow a proper medium to communicate them to the developing team. A lot of developers prefer using the Mozilla Bugzilla, which is an add-on to the browser.
Reporting
The final steps expect you to report any additional assumptions and conditions which couldn’t be marked. Also mention suggestions to improve validations and processes. Automation Testing
Automation testing, as the named suggests, is automated. It differs from manual testing in a way that uses automated scripts for running the test cases. It is a boon in today’s testing market.
Automated tests are basically conducted on large projects, which otherwise would consume a lot of time in manual. Some companies also run automation after the manual to make sure all the test cases are covered. Follow the below steps before proceeding with your automation tests.
Learn and decide what tests to automate
Test as often as you can
Selecting the right tool for automation
Make sure each test has its own contribution towards the efforts.
Have quality data in hand
Create automated scripts that can accommodate changes in the UI
When should you opt for automation testing
Always go for test automation if:
The project is large and complex
The project requires continues testing for the same area
Time constraints
The software is stable with respect to manual tests.
The Techniques of Software Testing
Believing you now have a clear idea of what software testing and its types are, let’s see the techniques used. There are 2 techniques defined in software testing: 1. Black-Box Testing Black Box Testing deals with the internal working of the system where only the system coder has access to the source code. Hence, while testing, the tester has to perform the tests under the guidance of the developing team for inputs and outputs.
Black box testing clearly separates the tester’s and developer’s point of view to look at the software. Hence is well-suited for large code segments of the project. But certainly, this complicates the designing of test cases. 2. White-Box Testing White Box testing deals with the program logic and structure of working. For this, you need to first understand the internal working of the code, which is easier than working with the code.
Since the user has an understanding of how the code functions, it’s easier to identify the data to be tested. That’s why it’s also called as glass-box testing or open-box testing. Levels Of Testing
During testing, you come across various levels of steps. In this section let’s have a brief look at these.
The Levels are divided into 2
Functional Testing
Non-Functional Testing
Functional Testing Functional testing is performed when the actual software development is taking place ensuring that all its requirements are met. Not to forget, the test is performed only when a piece of the module is complete.
The process involves 5 steps:
Defining the functionality to be checked
Creating the test cases
Comparing the output based on the test cases
Execution of test cases and writing scenarios
Comparing the actual and expected results
Functional testing can be performed by the following tests: 1) Unit Testing: The tests are conducted before the program is handed to the testing team for executing test cases 2)Integration Testing: This testing is done by putting together parts of the application to determine if they together functional properly. 3) System Testing: This testing tests the whole system as one. Once all the system components are integrated, it is checked for the working on specified quality standards. 4) Regression Testing: Many times, when there is an unplanned bug in the system testing, there are possibilities that it might have affected or will affect other components in the system. In such a case, regression testing is carried out. 5) Acceptance testing: Considered as one of the important tests in the functional testing phase, acceptance testing is done purely by the Quality Assurance team. They check it for the final specification meeting the requirements. 6) Alpha Testing: A test conducted by the QA team and the developers, which combines all of the above tests for a final review before it’s tested by the end-users. 7) Beta Testing: The final test before its release, the beta test is done by a chosen audience. The audience may be any non-technical team or a group of new users. The application is run in real-time to check the application runs as expected. Non-functional Testing
Non-functional testing deals with bugs that are caused by any external factors like network, database processing, client-side downtime, etc. The non-functional testing types include: 1) Performance Testing
Identifies any performance issues that affect the speed, stability, and reliability of the application. Performance testing can be further divided into Load testing and Stress testing based on its qualitative and quantitative aspects. 2) Security Testing
As the name implies, security testing checks for flaws related to the security of the program. It includes confidentiality, validations for inputs, attacks due to SQL insertions, scripting and virus attacks, etc. Conclusion
So the reason is much simpler now, you know what you deserve in a tester’s career. So if you are a beginner, make sure you understand all the aspects of testing well before jumping in. We will be happy if you are even halfway through to deciding your career in testing. Take your first step towards being an excellent tester.
What’s the difference between test cases and test scenarios or Test Case vs Test Scenario: how do they differ?
people often find it confusing in defining these two terminologies in software testing. To ease the burden, we have made an infographic representation out of the topic so that it will be easy to understand the test case and test scenario.
What is a test scenario?
A test scenario is a high-level use case or functionality to be tested. Each test scenario can be mapped to one or more detailed test cases. Test scenarios are derived by understanding the user expectation from the software and it is used by the user.
A good tester would cover all the test scenarios and functionalities. This document would then be used to derive the test cases. An example of a test scenario would be a login scenario that can consist of multiple test cases.
What is a test case?
A test case is a detailed step-by-step instruction to perform a series of actions or steps that help to validate a particular functionality in an application. A test case has the following main parts:
Pre-conditions: the conditions noted in this section need to complete before proceeding with the next steps. For example for a login test case, the preconditions would be the app or software should be successfully launched and the login screen should be displayed.
Test Steps: These are detailed step-by-step instructions on how to perform the actions on the application. It should include the data to be entered, the action to be performed, and the details of the object of which the action needs to be performed. The quality of the test case is defined by the quality of the test steps. The steps should be so detailed that even a layman should be able to perform the test.
Expected Result: This section describes the happy path or actual application behavior. For e.g in a login scenario, successfully being able to log in and enter the new screen should be the expected result. One should make sure that 1 test case should have only 1 expected result. This is particularly important for tracking and retesting defects.
Actual Result: This section is left blank during the planning phase and is updated by the tester during the execution phase. This section captures what the tester sees in the application after performing the test steps mentioned above.
Test Case Result: If both the expected and actual results are the same the test cases are marked as a pass, and if they are different it is marked as a fail.
Difference between test case and test scenario
Test case
Test Scenario
Detailed information about what to test, steps involved, expected result, etc.
Mostly contains one line information about what to test
Used for the validation of test output
It’s a thread of operation
Helps in agile testing
Helps greatly in exhaustive testing
Consumes a lot of time
Consumes less time compared to test case preparation
Serves as a proof guard for new testers
Helps in reducing complexity and repeatability of the product
Derived from test scenarios
Derived from use case
Can be used in future regression test cases
Used by new testers to save time
How to write test cases?
Step 1: ID’ing the test case is very important. Each test case must have a unique ID for better traceability and accountability.
Step 2: Description of the feature or functionality that will be put to test must be added to each test case
Step 3: Conditions that have to be met before execution must be included
Step 4: Relevant data for the execution must be included in every test case
Step 5: The step required to execute the test must be included in detail
Step 6: Expected result before the execution along with actual result must be included
What is test case and test scenario with examples?
Example for a test case
Test Case ID
Description
Steps involved in the execution
Test data
Expected result
Actual result
Pass/fail
TEA01
Check user login functionality with required data
1. Open the app
2. Click the login button
3. Enter mail ID and password
4. Click submit
User ID= 123@gmail.com
User password: 1212a!@
Successful login
Blank screen
Fail
Example for a test scenario
search functionality
Test Scenario
Verify whether the feature is able to display all the related search results according to the search query
Best Practices in writing test cases
it should be easy to understand and decode
Must be accurate and reusable
Using a strong title will bring forth a better understanding
Use short description
Include pass/fail to every test cases
Include actual as well as expected result
mention steps to achieve the objective of the test case
Subject it to peer review
Best Practices in writing test Scenario
Make sure that you have clearly gone through business Requirement Specification (BRS), Software Requirement Specification (SRS), Functional Requirement Specification (FRS)
Make sure that you listed down all the positive and negative test scenarios
Do several discussions in sprints to form an effective one
One scenario is supposed to cover one of the requirements. If multiple requirements need to be addressed, create multiple scenarios
if the scenarios are large and might consume a lot of time. Discuss with the client or the owner and then prioritize!
it should be easy to understand and must be mapped with the requirements
Final Thought about Test Case vs Test Scenario
Both terminologies are essential for software testing. So Test Case vs Test Scenario is pointless however, differentiating between them essential to not only adopt better practices but for academic purposed also.
In this time of heightened cyber-attack you must be aware of how to secure website from hackers. Your website is an important asset to your business. It is very important to protect it from any kind of threat and hacking. Here are some ways that can help you protect your website from hacking. 1. Install security plugins
If your website is built using a content management system, you can easily improve the security of your website using the plugins. Most of the CMS offer security plugins so that you can improve the security of your website. Security plugins for WordPress:
iThemes Security
Bulletproof Security
Sucuri
Wordfence
fail2Ban
Security options for Magento:
Amasty
Watchlog Pro
MageFence
Security extensions for Joomla:
JHackGuard
jomDefender
RSFirewall
Antivirus Website Protection
These plugins prove helpful in barring security vulnerabilities. You can also opt for siteLock. It supports both CMS managed and HTML pages. SiteLocks does regular monitoring for all security loopholes including malware detection, vulnerability identification, active virus scanning, etc. 2. Use HTTPS
SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificate helps in secure-transfer of information amid the website and the server. There is a lot of secure information that we need to share through the websites.
The secure transaction ensures the end clients to freely transact their information without worrying about the treats the insecure transfer of sensitive information can bring.
The security of your website plays a very important in today’s world unless your clients are satisfied and trust your security system, they will not share their sensitive information with you. SSL is an important way to convince your customers about the security of their information. 3. Keep your website platform and software up-to-date
One of the main causes of security threats on the website is vulnerabilities in CMS’s extensible components. Many of these extensible components are open source, and hackers could easily detect the security vulnerabilities and take control and exploit your website.
To ensure the security of your website your CMS, plugins needs to be updated. 4. Make sure your passwords are secure
Making your password strong might not seem to be a very unique and dominant idea, but the fact is keeping your password strong plays a very important role. It is important that you keep your password strong.
It should be long enough, with special characters, numbers, letters, etc. Avoid keeping your password on the names of special people in your life and on special dates of your life. It gets easier for hackers to hack such a password.
Not only you, but your team should also follow these rules so that the hackers could not enter your system through any of your team member’s ID. 5. Invest in automatic backups
Even after following all the precautionary methods, there are still few chances of you getting attacked by hackers. The best way in such cases is to have a backup copy of your website. In case you do not have a backup copy, you might land lose everything.
Though data breaches are very stressful no matter what, having a backup can give you a levy to recover your website easily. But sometimes you might forget to back up your website, regularly and hence investing in the automatic backup can give you peace of mind.
The above steps are easy to follow and can even be followed by people with minimal technical knowledge, but here we move on to some more complicated ways to protect your website from hackers.
These advanced techniques might require a technically skilled person and also ensure a higher level of security from hackers. 6. Be cautious while accepting file uploads.
Allowing uploads to your website can be pretty dangerous. Hackers can upload malicious files to your system and can gain access to your system, overwrite existing files, can bring your website down, etc. hence, it is very important to check the kind of files that are being uploaded to your system.
If not required, do not permit file uploads at all. But if it’s a necessity, do keep a check on it. The following points may help you to protect your website by the hackers.
Allow only specific file types to be uploaded to your system.
The above point can be easily defied by renaming the file. Hence it is highly recommended to use file type verification.
Set maximum file size and reject all the files over this size.
Scan files for malware. Use antivirus software to check all files before opening.
Use a system to automatically rename a file when uploaded to your system. In such a case hackers will keep looking for their file to accomplish their notorious intentions.
Do not include upload folder in the web root, it will keep hackers away from accessing your website using their uploaded file.
These steps can prove helpful in defending your website from file uploads risks.
7. Use Parameterized Queries
SQL injections are a widely used method to hack websites by hackers. SQL injections can be exploited if your website has a web form or URL parameters that accept information from outsiders.
It these parameters are way too open they let the hackers exploit your website by inserting them with the codes that allow them to access your database. Though there are many ways to protect your website from hackers using SQL injections the easiest way is to use parameterized queries. 8. Use CSP Cross-site scripting (XSS) attacks are another very common way that allows hackers to slip malicious JavaScript code into your website. This code can further infect the devices of the users of the website exposed to that code.
The easy way to defend your website from such abuses is to ensure that the code that accepts input that is categorical in accepting the inputs. It protects your website from getting induced to any malicious scripts and keeps it protected. Content Security Policy (CSP) is also an effective tool to protect your website from XSS attacks. It permits you to allow specify domains a browser should consider. 9. Restrict the permissions for directories and files
There are several files and folders inside your web hosting account. They contain data that makes your website work and also includes the permissions on who can read, write, and execute the files and folders.
Ensure these rights are properly set to ensure the highest safety of your website. Any intrusion to these files and folders can put your website security on risk. 10. Be careful about the error messages.
Error messages can play a huge role in putting your website security on risk. How? Here it is: a detailed error message tells you what is wrong with your website and how can you rectify it. It can help you a lot internally. But if the same messages are displayed to your visitors they can exploit these messages and find vulnerabilities in your website and can exploit them.
Ensure that the error messages are not very detailed one that can give hackers a chance to get inside your system. But also make sure that these messages give an idea to the visitors to what to do next in case an error occurs. 11. Do proper validation
Validation has to be done both on both on the browser side and server-side. Imagine that someone is trying to inject code through one of the mandatory fields. The browser has to reject such an invalid input.
When it comes to validation like this it has been performed on server-side also to ensure that malicious code hasn’t been injected to the website. Conclusion:
Hacking is a very common practice in the digital world that has put on stake the security of your systems. Your website can too be easily exploited by hackers. It is very important that you take enough preventive methods to secure your website from hackers.
The security threats to your website can not only harm you and your business but can be equally harassing for your audiences. Ensure that you take proper measures to protect your website from hackers.
When it comes to penetration testing companies in India, there are indeed a handful of promising companies that are proving their capability all over the world.
Penetration testing has to be done by experienced and skilled personnel and in the long run, it can save companies who rely on it by millions. Wish to know how much does penetration testing cost? Click here!
However, you need assistance from penetration testing companies who are good at what they do. Wish to know more about them let’s have a look
Let’s have a look at them What is penetration testing?
Penetration testing is to intentionally simulate a cyber-attack on a system to detect the system vulnerabilities to these attacks. Penetration testing requires great expertise and hence only a few companies conduct penetration testing. Here are some of the expert penetration testing companies in India. 1. Test Bytes
TestBytes is a Pune based software testing firm that uses software testing strategies to offer its clients quantifiable results. TestBytes helps development teams deliver bug-free software and has expertise in IT cyber-security testing. Core Services:Penetration Testing, Mobile App Testing, Game Testing, Automation Testing, Test management services, Ecommerce testing services, Web Application testing, security testing, software performance testing, Functional Testing, Browser compatibility. Features
Expertise in developing reusable automation frameworks, templates, & repositories
Expertise in penetration testing
A large team of in-house and remote testers
High-end testing laboratory
2. eSec Forte
eSec Forte, founded in 2010 is a CMMI Level-3 ISO 9001-2008, 27001-2013 certified company that is counted among the best IT service providers and cybersecurity consulting services. eSec Forte is headquartered in Delhi and was founded in the year 2010 and is one of the best penetration testing companies in India. Core Services: Penetration Testing, Mobile Application Security, Configuration Assessment, Vulnerability Assessment, Source Code Review, Wireless Network Assessment, Malware Analysis, Incident Response Products: Core Impact for Penetration Testing, Smokescreen for Cyber Deception, Nessus for Vulnerability Management, CHECKMARX, Digital Guardian for Data Loss Prevention, Netsparker, and Web inspect for Application Security Speciality
It provides veteran penetration testing services.
It offers mobile apps based on the skeletal framework.
It involves the clients completely in all the processes, to give the best satisfaction.
3. ISECURION
ISECURION is a Bangalore based IT cybersecurity firm and is known for its high-end services, modernization, and research in IT Security Consulting and Technology. ISECURION caters their clients based on the current information security setting. Core Services: Penetration Testing, Mobile Application Security, Vulnerability Assessment, Network Security, Red team Penetration Testing, Blockchain Security, Compliance Audits, Source Code Audit, SCADA Security Audits, ISO 27001 Implementation & Certification, SAP Security Assessment, etc. Speciality
Manual and automated penetration testing
Good domain expertise.
Certified IT Security Consultants
Recognizes gaps in the company’s people, technology, and process.
Does not only find vulnerabilities in the system but also helps to fix them.
Uses modern technologies, techniques, and industry best practices.
4. SumaSoft
SumaSoft is a Pune based ITES and BPO Company providing customized Business Process Management Services. Core Services: Penetration Testing, Vulnerability Assessment, Network Security Monitoring, Business Process Outsourcing, Cloud Migration Services, Database Support Services, Logistics Services, Software Development Services.
Products: Cloud-based Asset Management System. Speciality
18+ experience
Offers various services in Software and QA, BPO, and Security Management Services.
Best Business solution providers.
Software solutions for web, mobile, and cloud.
5. Kratikal Tech Pvt. Ltd
Kratikal Tech Pvt. Ltd is a Noida Based firm that offers services to protect your businesses from cyber threat attacks. They use advanced technologies to assist you with critical security issues. Core Services: Network Penetration Testing, Infrastructure Penetration Testing, E-Commerce, Cloud Security Testing, Application/Server Security Testing, Compliance Management etc. Products: ThreatCop, a cybersecurity enhancer. Speciality
Provides cybersecurity services to various sectors including Financial Services, Healthcare, Government, Payment Services, E-Commerce, and Educational firms.
Offers Real-Time Attack Simulation services
Offers Manual and automated security testing.
Good RoI on security investments.
Conducts Risk Assessment.
6. Secugenius
Secugenius is a Noida based Information Security provider that offers expert solutions to defend the businesses from cybercrime. Their security expertise and ethical hacking services to defend the business against cyber threats has made a remarkable presence in the market. Core Services: Web app Penetration Testing, Network Penetration Testing, Website Penetration Testing, Vulnerability Assessment, Database Pen Testing, Mobile App Security Testing, Cloud Security, Source Code Review, etc. Products: QuickX platform Speciality
Quick X platform is an effective solution for cost, scalability, and time-related issues.
24 x 7 R & D support.
Quick X also offers an instant payment option.
7. Pristine Info Solutions
Pristine Info Solutions is a Mumbai based penetration testing provider that offers real-world threat assessment and wide-ranging penetration tests. It is known as one of the best Ethical Hacking and Information Security service provider in India. Core Services: Penetration Testing, Cyber Law Consulting, Information Security Services, Cyber Crime Investigation Speciality
Manual and automated penetration testing:
Information Security Services encompassing Network Security Audit, Security Compliance Audit, Website Security Audit, Mobile Security Testing, etc.
Flexible service delivery models, and security alignments
8. Entersoft
Entersoft Security is a Bengaluru based application security solution service provider that provides its clients with a strong application for operational threat susceptibility valuation. Core Services: Penetration Testing, Code Review, Vulnerability Testing, Application Security Monitoring, Cloud Security, Compliance Management, etc. Specialty
Entersoft Business Suit and Entersoft Expert for Business Intelligence
Entersoft Retail for E-Commerce
Entersoft WMS for Warehouse Management
Entersoft Mobile Field Service etc.
Features:
Offensive assessment
Proactive monitoring and assessment.
FinTech and Nasscom award winner
9. Secfence
Secfence is a New Delhi based, Information Security service provider and has its expertise in research-based cybersecurity solutions. Core Services: Penetration Testing, Web Application Penetration Testing, Anti-Malware Software Development, Vulnerability Assessment, R&D Services, Information Security Training, Intelligence Analytics, Web Application Code Review, Cyber Crime Investigation, etc. Products: Pentest++. Speciality
Specializes in real-world cyber-attack
Offers pioneer technologies and methodologies to prevent National, Corporate, and Individual firms and infrastructure from extreme cyber-attacks in terms of information security.
10. SecureLayer7
SecureLayer7 is based in Pune and is a globally acclaimed cybersecurity service provider that offers information security solutions to businesses. Core Services: Vulnerability Assessment, Penetration Testing, Source Code Audit, Network Security, Mobile App Security, SAP Security Assessment, Telecom Network Security, etc. Specialty
Offers knowledge-based support.
Assures ‘Zero Security Threat Alert’.
24x 7 Real-Time Solutions.
11. Indian cybersecurity solution
ICSS or Indian cybersecurity solution in Kolkata based on a leading web application penetration testing company. It offers vulnerability assessment services for various programming languages and environments. ICSS serves the world with its outstanding penetration testing capabilities. They offer penetration testing for Core Services
Web-based apps, AWS environments, Traditional normal apps, etc.
The company has proven its mark by servicing various organizations worldwide and securities them from any vulnerable cyber attacks. They have a team of highly skilled testers who work in detail to ensure no loopholes in the system remains undetected. 12. Holm security
Holm Security is located in New Delhi in India. With increasing cyber attacks, it has become extremely important to unveil all the vulnerabilities in your system.
At Holm security, their highly experienced and certified testers ensure to leave no loopholes in your system and ensure high security.
With systems having highly secure and sensitive information, the vulnerability check becomes even more important.
And Holm security is one company that ensures highly comprehensive penetration testing leaving their clients worry-free.
13. Shieldbyte infosec
This Mumbai based penetration testing company is a team of skilled, certified, and experienced team with many years of experience.
With the help of their highly expert team, they are capable of taking off the high-end information security.
The Shieldbyte Infosec is renowned for their time management and on-time delivery.
Their main services include RISK ASSESSMENT & SECURITY MANAGEMENT, Vulnerability Assessment, Penetration Testing, Web Application Security Assessment, Mobile Application Security Assessment, Source Code Review, DDOS Assessment Services, Network & Wireless Assessment, Social Engineering Risk Assessment, Forensic Analysis, etc.
Core Services
Security risk and gap analysis, digital forensic and cybercrime investigation 14. Cybersecurity hive
Cybersecurity hive is a Bangalore based security testing specializing in penetration testing and vulnerability assessment. Their
cybersecurity services include
Web VAPT
Mobile VAPT
Network VAPT
Cloud security assessment
Phishing simulation.
With their expert and dedicated team, they ensure they secure their clients from any kind of cyberattacks. Core Services
Penetration testing, Threat intelligence, VAPT, etc. 15. EC-Council Global Services
EC-Council Global Services is among one of the most reputed penetration companies in India. It helps secure your organization by implementing high-end penetration testing. It carries out a comprehensive assessment and testing to find loopholes in your system. It is located in Mumbai, Delhi, Bengaluru, Chennai, Hyderabad.
The company employs highly talented, expert, qualified and experienced testers to ensure high-grade security of your system.
The company also offers remote services to ensure better security services.
EC-Council Global Services ensures high-quality services by offering customized penetration testing services to its clients based on their specific needs.
Core Services
Secured Artificial Intelligence Based Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Enterprise, Cyber Security, etc.
Information security, cyber law consulting, and training
2010
Secugenius
Noida
penetration testing, Source code review, DDoS protection etc.
2011
EC-Council Global Services
Mumbai
VAPT, Cybersecurity posture assessment, etc.
NA
Cyber security hive
Bangalore
Web VAPT, Mobile VAPT, Network VAPT, Cloud security assessment, Phishing solution, etc.
2018
Shieldbyte infosec
Mumbai
Security risk and gap analysis, digital forensic and cybercrime investigation
2018
Holm Security
New Delhi
Penetration testing, Threat intelligence, VAPT, etc.
NA
Indian cybersecurity solution
Kolkata
Secured Artificial Intelligence Based
Vulnerability Assessment Tool for Enterprise, Cyber Security, etc.
2013
Things to be considered while hiring a penetration testing company
There are a few things that you should consider before hiring a penetration testing company
Ensure that the company employees expert, trained, and certified testers.
Always choose a reputed firm for penetration testing. The company will have access to the inner infrastructure of your company and will know all your security loopholes, so ensure the company you are hiring is trustworthy and well certified.
Ensure that the company is proficient and adopts the latest methodology and penetration testing techniques.
Always have well documented and signed rules of engagement documents. Also, ensure the safety of your crucial and sensitive data.
Ensure that the company offers customized pen testing services and has all the required pen-testing tools and people expert in using such tools.
Conclusions:
Penetration testing is the need of the present-day world, with the rising security threats. Hence it should be ensured that that penetration testing should be done with utmost care. So, while choosing the company for getting penetration testing done, be assured to pick the best.
In this post, we will share the kind of software testing interview questions asked in meetings with the employee to help individuals seeking to secure a software tester job profile. 1. Which Methodology do you follow in your Test Case? A. Phase Containment is consolidating QA into each of the stages of SDLC. It brings about Defect Prevention. In the event that QA group performs Design Review, Requirements Review, and Code Review, errors would be not many when a real application is tested. That implies we have averted numerous errors by performing reviews at each phase of SDLC. 2. What is Black box testing? What are the distinctive discovery Testing Strategies? A. Black box testing is the product testing technique that is applied to test the product without distinguishing the internal structure of a program or code. This testing is typically done to validate the functionality of an application.
The various black box testing systems are:
Boundary value analysis
Equivalence Partitioning
Cause-effect graphing
3. What are Quality Control and Quality Assurance? Quality Assurance includes in process-oriented practices. It guarantees the counteractive action of bugs in the process utilized to make software application. So, the bugs don’t emerge when the software application is being produced. Quality Control includes product-oriented practices. It administers the code or program to distinguish the bugs in the software application. 4. How well do you deal with Ambiguity? A.Test cases are not generally straightforward and QA Engineers should follow up on their own judgment. They have to feel great with ambiguity. 5. How well do you Function with others? A. Several QA teams have colleagues who are from all edges of the world. QA engineers must be content with speaking with individuals at all levels and all backgrounds. 6. How might we perform Spike testing in JMeter? A. JMeter accompanies a synchronizing timer which can deal with the demands of numerous threads. It can get the expected number of strings and discharge them immediately to cause a spike. 7. What is the chief contrast among st Reactive and Preventative strategies of Testing? A. Reactive tests are planned after the product has been delivered and preventative tests are designed ahead. 8. What are the significant steps to fix issues while Testing? Record – Log and handle any issues which have happened. Report – Report the issues to high ranked manager. Control – Define the issue management process. 9. What is the distinction between Test scripts, Test scenarios, and Test cases? A.Test Scripts – They are composed in a programming language and it’s a short program used to test some portion of the functionality of the product framework. Simply speaking a written set of steps ought to be performed manually. Test Scenarios – Test scenario is set up before the genuine testing begins, it incorporates plans for the testing software, environmental condition, number of colleagues, creating test cases, making test plans, and every one of the characteristics that are to be tested for the software. Test cases – It is a record that contains the steps that must be performed, it has been planned before.
10. What are the classes of Defects? A. Missing – There was a prerequisite given by the client and it was not done. This is a variance from the particulars, a sign that particular was not performed, or a necessity of the client was not recorded appropriately.
Wrong – The prerequisites have been performed wrongly. This defect is different from the given particular.
Extra – A prerequisite included in the software that was not given by the end-user. This is dependably a variance from the determination yet might be a trait wanted by the user of the software. But it is viewed as a defect due to its variance from the current prerequisite. 11. List out the Test Deliverables. A.
Test Strategy
Test Plan
Test Cases
Test Scripts
Test Scenarios
Test Data
Effort Estimation Report
Requirement Traceability Matrix (RTM)
Test Execution Report
Defect Report/Bug Report
Test summary report
Test incident report
Test closure report
Test status report
Weekly status report to the Project manager and the client
Graphs and Metrics
Release Note
User guide
Configuration guide
12. What is Rapid Application Development? A. Rapid Application Development (RAD) is formally a parallel development of functions and consequent integration. Functions are produced in parallel as though they were smaller than usual activities, the developments are time-boxed presented and after that congregated to a working prototype.
This can rapidly give the client an image to view and utilize and to give input with respect to the delivery and their prerequisites. Quick change and improvement of the software are probably applying this strategy.
In any case, the software particular should be created for the software sooner or later and the undertaking should be put under more formal controls before going into generation. 13. What’s the difference between Acceptance testing and System testing? A. Acceptance testing checks the framework against the Prerequisites. It’s like System testing in which the entire framework is checked yet the vital contrast is the transition in focus.
System testing tests that the system that was indicated has been conveyed. Acceptance testing checks that the system will convey what was demanded. The client ought to dependably do Acceptance testing and not the engineer.
The client recognizes what is needed from the framework to accomplish value in the business and is the main individual equipped to make that determination.
This testing is more about guaranteeing that the product is produced as described by the client. It’s getting a green light from the client that the product meets requirements and is prepared to be utilized. 14. Clarify Random/Monkey Testing. A. A strategy of software testing where the system is checked by randomly ingesting inputs. This test does not follow any pre-defined set of principles. It’s done to test the application behavior. 15. How to manage the low-frequency issues during the Testing? A. By low frequency, I trust you mean the issues that can’t be replicated reliably after some time.
In case an issue isn’t coming up each time we repeat a similar series of steps, we do some drilling around to check whether we can discover any indication of the appearance of the bug (failure or logs messages), and when nothing else works, we report everything the same. As testers, we can’t leave anything without creating a report. 16. As a component of which test process do you decide the exit criteria? A. The exit criteria are resolved on the basis of ‘Test Planning’. 17. What is Mutation testing? A. This type of testing is used to detect if a set of the test case or test data is useful by intentionally presenting different code changes (bugs) and retesting with real test cases/data to decide whether the bugs are discovered. 18. While controlling your venture what things you need to acknowledge? A. The things that must be taken in contemplations are:
Is your venture on the plan?
Are you working towards a similar career objective?
Have you got sufficient resources?
Are you overspending?
Are there any warning indications of approaching issues?
Is there any pressure from the administration to finish the undertaking quickly?
19. What is Unit Testing? A. It is done to examine whether the individual module or unit of the source code is working legitimately. It is performed by the software developers in developer’s environment. Unit Testing is additionally known as Component Testing or Module Testing. 20. What is Alpha Testing and Beta Testing? A. Alpha testing is finished by the in-house testers and engineers who built up the product. In some cases, alpha testing is completed by the customer or outsourcing group with the presence of testers or developers. Beta testing is performed by a set number of end clients before delivery. Normally, it is done in the customer place. 21. What is Risk-Based Testing? A. To recognize the functionalities or modules which are in all probability to cause failures and to test them. 22.What is Application Programming Interface (API)? A. A formalized assortment of programming calls and routines that can be mentioned by an application program to access to network systems or supporting system.
Also See Manual Testing Interview Questions and Answers by SendTods 23. What is Agile Testing? A. Agile testing is a type of software testing practice that takes after the standards of an agile software development. It is an iterative program development procedure where necessities continue changing according to the client needs. Testing is done in parallel with the advancement of an iterative model. Test group gets frequent code changes from the dev group for testing a system. 24. What are the various Methodologies in Agile Development Model? A. There are at present seven various agile systems that I know about:
Scrum
Extreme Programming (XP)
Feature-Driven Development
Lean Software Development
Agile Unified Process
Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM)
Crystal
25. Why we utilize the Decision Tables? A. The methods of boundary value analysis and equivalence partitioning are regularly connected to particular conditions or sources of info.
But if diverse combinations of input end in various steps are made, this can be harder to indicate utilizing equivalence partitioning and limit value examination, which have a tendency to be more centered on the UI.
The other two specification-based methods, state transition testing, and decision tables are more centered around business rules or business logic. A decision table is a decent method to manage combinations of things.
Certain times this technique is additionally known as a cause-effect table. The reason is there’s a related logic graphing procedure known ascause-effect graphing which was at times used to help procure the decision table. 26. What is Load Testing? A. It is to check that the application/system can deal with the required number of transactions and to confirm the system/application behavior under peak load and normal conditions both. 27. What are the advantages of Test Reports? A. The advantages of test reports are:
Current status of undertaking and nature of software are notified.
In case required, partner and the client can make a corrective move.
The last report supports to determine whether the software is ready for launch.
28. In incremental testing what are Stubs and Drivers?
The two stubs and drivers are a component of incremental testing. In incremental testing, there are two methodologies to be specifically bottom-up and top-down methods.
Drivers are utilized as a part of bottom-up testing and stub is utilized for the top-down method. With a specific goal to test the principle module, a stub is utilized, which is a dummy program or code. 29. What is Soak Testing? A. Running an application at high load for a continued timeframe to distinguish the execution issues is termed Soak Testing. 30. What is Performance Testing? A. This kind of testing decides or approves the speed, versatility, or durability qualities of the application or system under test.
Execution is concerned about accomplishing response times, resource usage levels, and throughput that meet the execution targets for the product or project. 31. What are the standards of Software Testing? A.
Testing indicates the presence of flaws
Thorough testing is not possible
Early testing
Defect clustering
Testing is setting depending
Pesticide Paradox
The absence of error false notion
32. What is a Bug? A. In the event that software testers discover any contradiction in the application or system in testing stage then they describe it as a bug. 33. What is DFD (Data Flow Diagram)? A. As a flow of data through a data system is graphically depicted then it is called Data Flow Diagram. It is likewise utilized for the representation of data handling. 34. What is Fuzz testing and when will you use it? A. Fuzz testing is used to recognize security loopholes and coding mistakes in the product. In this method, random data is added to the application trying to crash the system.
In the event that vulnerability continues, a device called fuzz tester is utilized to decide possible causes. This strategy is more helpful for greater projects yet just recognizes a major mistake. 36. Describe the PDCA cycle. A. Software testing plays an essential role in the software development method. In a typical software development, there are four vital steps in PDCA: Plan, Do, Check, Act, cycle. The four stages work as
Plan: Describe the objective and the arrangement for fulfilling that objective.
Do: Perform as per those plan methods which is arranged in the planning stage.
Check: Check to ensure that everything is working as per the plan and gets the normal outcomes.
Act: Act as indicated by that issue. 37. What ought to be done after a bug is found? A. Configuration administration covers the procedures used to control, facilitate, and track: code, prerequisites, documentation, issues, change demands, designs, compilers/tools/libraries/patches, alterations made to them, and who rolls out the improvements. 38. What is SQA testing? Tell us steps of SQA testing. A. Test Plan has these principal contents:
Schedule
Resource requirement
Due date
Financial plan
Feature to be examined with reason
Feature not to be examined with reason
Tools to be utilized
Scope of testing
Test technique
39. Tell the contrast between a “defect” and a “failure” in software testing? A. In basic terms when a defect approaches the end client it is known as a failure while the defect is recognized inside and settled then it is called as a defect. 40. Q. Specify what is the reason behind doing end-to-end testing? A. End-to-end testing is performed after the functional testing. The reason behind performing end-to-end testing is:
Testing application in genuine environment situation
Testing of association between database and application
To approve the product necessities and integration with outside interfaces
41. What is Bug Leakage? A. A bug which is really missed by the testing group while testing and the build was discharged to the Production. In case that now that bug was found by the end user then we refer to it as Bug Leakage. 42. What is the part of mediator in the review procedure? A. The mediator or review leader drives the review procedure. The moderator decides, in co-activity with the creator, the sort of review, approach and the creation of the review team.
He or she plays out the entry check and the follow-up on the modified work, keeping in mind the end goal to control the nature of the input and output of the review procedure.
The mediator likewise plans the meeting, scatters reports before the meeting, paces the meeting, mentor’s other colleagues, prompts conceivable discussions and stores the information that is gathered. 43. When should tester perform the Regression Testing? A. After the product has changed or when an environment has changed Regression testing ought to be performed. 44. What is HotFix? A. A bug which needs to be managed as a high priority bug and fix it instantly. 45. What is the reason for a test completion criterion? A. The reason for test completion criterion is to decide when to quit testing. 46. What are the advantages of Independent Testing? A. Independent testers are unprejudiced and recognize diverse flaws in the meantime. 47. Why are dynamic testing and static testing depicted as complementary? A. Since they share the purpose of recognizing defects yet vary in the kinds of defect they spot. 48. What is Error seeding? A. Error seeding is a procedure of intendedly including known errors in software to recognize the rate of error location. It helps during evaluating of the tester aptitudes of discovering bugs and furthermore to know the capacity of the application i.e. how well the application is working when it has errors. 49. What is equivalence class partition? A. In equivalence class partition, inputs to the system or product are separated into groups that are required to display like behavior, so they are probably going to be proposed similarly. Thus, choosing one input from each group for designing the test case. 50. What is positive and negative testing? A. A positive testing is a point at which you put in a valid info and anticipate that some activity will be finished as per the specification. While a negative test is a point at which you put in an invalid information and gets errors. 51. Could inspections or reviews be viewed as part of the testing? A. Yes, indeed, as both assists identify errors and enhance quality. 52. What amount of testing is sufficient? A. The appropriate response relies upon the contract, risk for your industry, and special needs. 53. Explain Exploratory Testing?
Exploratory testing is based on less planning and more test execution. It refers to performing requirement analysis, test cases designing, test cases execution and understanding the test results simultaneously. 54. Explain verification in software testing?
Verification ensures that the product is being built according to the software requirements, and there are no deviations from it. The verification process involves Inspections, Reviews, and Walk-through. 55. Explain validation in software testing?
Validation ensures that the software product that is built is as per the client’s requirements or not. 56. What is the basic difference between verification and validation in software testing?
Verification detects defects in requirement specifications & validation detects the errors in the implemented Software application. 57. Explain Static Testing?
Static Testing is to review the documents to detect the errors in the initial phases of SDLC. 58. Explain Dynamic Testing?
Dynamic testing is to run the AUT to validate the output from the expected outcome. 59. What are the other names for white box testing?
It is also known as Glass Box, Clear Box, and Structural Testing. 60. What is white box testing?
White box testing refers to the testing of the internal code structure. white-box testing is done at the unit level and is based on the internal perspective of the code and requires programming skills to design test cases. It tests if the code is written properly and inspects every line of the code for being bug-free. 61. Can you explain about test strategy?
Test strategy is a document that includes test design and defines how testing is to be carried out. 62. Name the components of the test strategy document?
The various components of the test strategy document are
Test plan id
Features to be tested
Test techniques
Testing tasks
fail criteria/ Features pass
Test deliverables
Test schedule
Test resources and their Responsibilities
Testing environment
63. Explain the Test plan?
A test plan defines the goals, resources, and procedures for testing a software product. It includes a thorough understanding of the testing workflow. 64. How will you create a test plan?
Follow the following steps to write a test plan;
Analyze the product
Design the Test Strategy
Clearly defining the Test Objectives
Develop the Test Criteria
Define how the test environment would be
Schedule and Estimation
Determine the exact Test Deliverables
65. Explain the term testbed?
The testbed is an amalgamation of hardware and software components that are required to conduct software testing.
It consists of Operating system, specific hardware, and software, the product under test, network configuration, other system software, and application software. 66. Explain the term test environment?
An environment where testers execute test cases is test environment. Software and hardware environment together form a test environment and serves as a podium to conduct testing. 67. Explain the term test Data?
Test data are the inputs given to AUT by the testers to execute test cases and validate the results. 68. Explain test closure?
Test closure document is the final document prepared before testers mark an end to testing. It consists of details like several test cases, test cases executed, defects found, defects fixed, defects not fixed, defects rejected, etc. 69. Explain test coverage?
It the measurement of quantity of testing done by a set of test cases. 70. Explain the term integration testing?
Integration testing is a type of testing where smaller units of code are integrated and tested in a group. 71. What is System Testing?
Known as the end to end testing, system testing validates a completely integrated application to if the system is in accordance with the requirements or not. 72. What is Big Bang testing?
Big bang testing is based on integrating all the modules together and then testing them all at once. 73. What are different strategies of integration testing?
Integration testing can be carried out using two approaches:
Big Bang Approach
Incremental Approach
Top-Down Approach
Bottom-Up Approach
Sandwich Approach
74. What are the disadvantages of Big Bang Integration?
The disadvantages of big bang integration are:
Time-consuming
Tracing the cause of failures is difficult.
Enhanced chanced of critical failures.
In case of a bug, finding the root cause of it is difficult.
75. What is functional testing?
Functional testing is a type of black-box testing, which validates that every function of the software as per the requirements. 76. What are the different types of functional testing?
Different types of functional testing are:
Smoke testing
Sanity testing
Regression testing
Usability testing
77. Tell the steps to be performed for functional testing?
Steps to perform functional testing are:
Identify the required functionalities
Creation of test data
Determine the expected output
Execute the test case
Compare actual and expected outputs
Validate the software works as per required functionalities
78. What is non-functional testing?
It tests the non-functional requirements of the system like the way it operates. 79. What are the different types of non-functional testing?
Various types of non-functional testing are
Performance Testing
Load Testing
Failover Testing
Security Testing
Compatibility Testing
Usability Testing
Stress Testing
Maintainability Testing
Scalability Testing
Volume Testing
Security Testing
Disaster Recovery Testing
Compliance Testing
Portability Testing
Efficiency Testing
Reliability Testing
Baseline Testing
Endurance Testing
Documentation Testing
Recovery Testing
Internationalization Testing
Localization Testing
80. What are the different types of testing?
Different types of testing are:
Functional
Smoke testing
Sanity testing
Regression testing
Usability testing
Non – Functional
Performance Testing
Load Testing
Failover Testing
Security Testing
Compatibility Testing
Usability Testing
Stress Testing
Maintainability Testing
Scalability Testing
Maintenance
Regression
Maintenance
81. Tell the different test levels?
The four different test levels are:
Unit/component/program/module testing
Integration testing
System testing
Acceptance testing
82. Name the various black box testing techniques?
The different black box testing techniques are:
Equivalence Partitioning
Boundary value analysis
Cause-effect graphing
83. What does a test plan consist of?
A test plan consists of
Test case identifier
Scope
Features to be tested
Features not to be tested
Test strategy & Test approach
Test deliverables
Responsibilities
Staffing and training
Risk and Contingencies
84. What is retesting?
Retesting is a process of testing the code again to check if the defects detected in the previous round of testing are fixed correctly. 85. What is Data-Driven Testing?
Data-Driven Testing is testing the application with multiple test data. The complete testing is data-driven and the main aim of such type of testing is to verify output for multiple test data. 86. How can you resolve issues during software testing?
We can resolve issues by:
Record: the defects are logged and recorded
Report: The defects are reported to higher management and the development team
Control: issue management process is defined.
87. What is a test scenario?
The test scenario is any functionality of the code that is to be tested. 88. Define test cases?
A test case describes the execution settings, testing method, input data, expected results to attain a testing objective. 89. Define test scripts?
Test scripts are small programs that are run manually to test a specific functionality of the code. 90. Define Latent defect?
Latent defects are the defects that have been present in the code for a long time but have never been detected before in the previous releases. 91. Name two parameters that define the quality of testing?
You can judge the quality of testing by:
Defect reject ratio
Defect leakage ratio
92. What are the test deliverables?
Test deliverables are the artifacts that are delivered to the stakeholders after every round of testing.
Test strategy
Test plan
Test scenario
Test cases
Test data
RTM
Test metrics
Test incident report
Test status report
Test summary report
Release note
Test closure report
93. What is mutation testing?
It is a technique to identify if test data/test case is useful by knowingly introducing a bug in the code and retesting the bug induced code with the original test data, a test case to check if it detects the bug. 94. What things will you ruminate before choosing automation tools for the AUT?
Technical Feasibility
Complexity level
Application stability
Test data
Application size
Re-usability of automated scripts
Execution across environment
95. How to perform Risk Analysis?
For the risk analysis following steps need to be implemented
Find risk score
Create a risk profile
Change the properties of the risk
Install test risk resources
Create a risk database
96. Can you tell the debugging categories?
The debugging categories are:
Brute force debugging
Backtracking
Cause elimination
Program Slicing
Fault tree analysis
97. What information should a test plan include?
Test Strategy
Test Objective
Exit/Suspension Criteria
Resource Planning
Test Deliverables
98. State few risks that can result in project failure?
Insufficient resource for the project
Improper testing environment
Budget constraints
Strict timelines
99. How to do project estimation?
Break the project into small tasks
Assign them to different team members
Estimate efforts for each task
Confirm the approximation
100. What are the commonly used testing types?
Unit Testing
API Testing
Integration Testing
System Testing
Install/Uninstall Testing
Agile Testing
101. What are the things to consider while monitoring your project?
Schedule of your project is going fine?
Budget is under the limit?
Are resources enough?
Are there any warning signs reflecting any future problem
Are there any requirement changes?
102. Common mistakes that lead to issues?
Improper resource allocation
Poor Scheduling
Underestimating
Ignoring the small problems
Not following the process
103. What does a test report consist of?
Project Information
Test Objective
Test Summary
Defect
104. What are the benefits of the test report?
Gives information on the on-going status of the project
Tells about the quality of product
Stakeholder can take corrective measures whenever required
The final report tells if the product is ready for the release.
105. What are the best practices of software quality assurance?
Continuous Improvement
Documentation
Tool Usage
Metrics
Responsibility by team members
Experienced SQA auditors
106. What steps you should follow after you detect any defect?
Recreate the defect
Attach the screenshot
Log the defect
107. When to Prepare Requirement Traceability Matrix?
RTM is prepared before test case designing. 108. Who prepares the test plan?
Test lead or the test manager prepares the test plan. 109. Give a few examples of the test environment?
Some of the examples of the test environment:
Application Type: Web Application
OS: Windows
Web Server: IIS
Web Page Design: Dot Net
Client-Side Validation: JavaScript
Server Side Scripting: ASP Dot Net
Database: MS SQL Server
Browser: IE/FireFox/Chrome
110. As a tester what would you do, if you find any defect?
I would
Reconstruct the bugs/defect
Take and affix a screenshot
Record the bugs/defect
111. What is Fuzz Testing?
Fuzz testing is carried out by feeding random inputs to an application under test, to validate if the AUT returns exceptions like failing built-in code assertions, crashes, or potential memory leaks. 112. Name different test coverage techniques?
Various test coverage techniques are:
Statement coverage
Decision coverage
Path coverage
113. Name the important modules of defect report format?
The various components are
Module Name
Project Name
The date defect was detected on
Who detected the defect
Defect ID
Defect Name
Screenshot of the defect
Priority status
Severity status
Who resolved the defect
When was defect resolved
114. What does COTS stand for?
COTS stands for Commercial Off The Shelf. 115. Why do we use automation testing?
Eases the execution of test cases that re repeated
Helps in the testing of the large test matrix
Supports parallel execution of test cases
Is beneficial for long run test cases as they can be left unattended without requiring any human intervention
Enhances the accuracy of test cases
Saves time and money.
116. Can you tell us the advantages of selenium over other testing tools?
Supports various languages including Java, Python, C#, PHP, Ruby, Perl &.Net
Supports different OS including Windows, Mac or Linux
Supports multiple browsers including Mozilla Firefox, Internet Explorer, Google Chrome, Safari or Opera
Easy integration with TestNG & JUnit, Maven, Jenkins & Docker
It is an open-source
117. Name the components of Selenium?
Selenium Integrated Development Environment (IDE)
Selenium Remote Control (RC)
Selenium WebDriver
Selenium Grid
118. Name the various locators in Selenium?
ID
ClassName
Name
TagName
link text
PartialLinkText
Xpath
CSS Selector
DOM
119. Name various exceptions in Selenium web driver?
TimeoutException
NoSuchElementException
ElementNotVisibleException
StaleElementException
120. How will you launch the browser using WebDriver?
We can use the following syntax: WebDriver driver = new FirefoxDriver(); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver(); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver(); 121. What is Regression Testing?
Regression testing is done to validate that the code changes have not introduced any bugs in the existing code. 122. How does automation testing help in agile methodology?
It helps in maximum test coverage in minimal time. 123. Which all test cases can be automated?
Smoke test cases
Regression test cases
Complex calculation test cases
Data-driven test cases
Non-functional test cases
124. What is a workbench concept?
It is a way to document how a specific task has to be performed. 125. What are the tasks in workbench?
Input
Execute
Check
Production output
Rework
126. What strategies you can follow to roll out the product to end-users?
The strategies we can follow are:
Pilot
Gradual Implementation
Phased Implementation
Parallel Implementation
127. What does PDCA in software testing stand for?
PDCA in software testing stands for Plan, Do, Check, Act 128. Which all types of testing teams can conduct software testing?
Isolated test team
Outsource – we can hire external testing resources and do testing for our project.
Inside test team
Developers as testers
QA/QC team
129. What are the shortcomings of monkey testing?
They are not realistic
Many of the tests are redundant and unrealistic
You will spend more time analysing results
You cannot recreate the test if you do not record what data was used for testing
130. What does DFD stand for?
DFD stands for Data Flow Diagram. IN DFD the flow of data is represented graphically. 131. What does LCSAJ stand for?
LCSAJ stands for ‘linear code sequence and jump.’ 132. Why is test independence done?
Test independence eludes author preference in describing operative tests. 133. When do you define the exit criteria?
Exit criteria are described based on “Test Planning”. 134. What is alpha testing?
Alpha testing is pre-release testing by the end-users at the developer’s end. 135. What is beta testing?
Beta testing is testing done by a selected group of end-users at their location. It is done before the software is out in the market. 136. What are the responsibilities of test management?
The responsibilities of Test management are:
To enhance software quality
Creating and up keeping the product metrics
Ensures that there is less design or coding faults
137. The output of the requirement analysis used as an input for which phase?
User Acceptance Test Cases 138. What are the benefits of Independent testing?
Independent testers are neutral and detect dissimilar bugs at the same time. 139. In reactive testing approach, when does test design work begin?
The test design work in reactive testing approach begins after the software is produced. 140. Name different Agile testing methodologies?
The different Agile methodologies are:
Extreme Programming (XP)
Lean Software Development
Unified Process
Scrum
Feature-Driven Development
AgileCrystal
Dynamic Systems Development Model (DSDM)
141. Which process involves the estimation of the testability of the requirements and system?
‘Test Analysis’ and ‘Design’ 142. Name a few dynamic testing techniques?
Equivalence Partitioning, Use Case Testing, Exploratory Testing, and Decision Testing are dynamic testing techniques 143. Name a few static testing techniques?
Data Flow Analysis and Inspections are static testing techniques. 144. Which testing technique detects threats such as virus from malicious outsiders?
Security Testing detects threats such as virus from malicious outsiders 145. When to implement configuration management procedures?
During test planning. 146. What is an equivalence partition?
Equivalence partition is dividing input and output values in a range such that only one value becomes a test case. 147. What is load testing?
Load testing tests the system performance under real-life load conditions. 148. What is stress testing?
Stress testing tests system performance under unfavourable conditions/loads. 149. When can you take a conclusion to end software testing?
Some of the basic criteria to stop testing are:
Deadlines are finished
Test budget is over
Bug rate is less than a certain level
Passed Test cases percentage is above a pre-decided level
Testing period for Alpha or beta testing is over
Code Coverage, requirements are met to a required level.
150. What’s the difference between a SDET and Tester? 151. What’s interrupt testing?
Interruptions happen on our phone frequently. These sudden interruptions can have adverse effect on regular functioning of any app that’s being used.
Interruption testing will reveal how the app behaves to interruption and will it get back to the stopping point without any error?
All the best!!!
Your resume have to create an impression for them to consider you, hence, a killer software tester resume is important. Listed here are the major factors that you have to consider while writing a software tester resume.
Put an impression
The resume is similar to an advertisement if it is attractive enough to pursue an audience than it is worth making a sale.
This will demonstrate the skills and education scenario of an individual in a proper manner.
If the resume is worth working for then they might give you a call for work.
However, you only have 5 seconds to a minute to attract an HR in this competitive world.
It is important to get the resume made with accuracy and precision to get the most awaited call from your HR.
In order to achieve it, one must have a unique resume that makes HR call for them immediately.
It is your opportunity to get the most done within a limited time frame. With so much of task in hand, the recruiters don’t usually check out every single detail in a resume.
They will just have a brief scan of the whole resume and will decide your future with them.
In order to get this done with results, one must have an organized, appealing and error-free resume.
Make a Good Impression
With a limited time frame, one must have the ability to capture their essence in a single or maximum two sheet.
This will allow one to easily process with the whole professional qualification with a tint of personal life.
In order to give this snapshot, one must take the helpof pointers that allows an easy explanation in one work without description.
Especially, if the soft tester is a fresher then it becomes more important to make the resume attractive with no prior experience with work.
Start with the Basic
Instead of simply writing the resume, one can start with basics or consider is pre-activities.
Make a proper list that must contain all the information about work experience, education, skills, projects, technologies, a platform to work on, certifications, diplomas, etc.
You don’t have to work on the format in the template and initial stage. Simply use a notepad or sticky notes to get every single detail together. It will compile all the details about you on a single page.
Make a list as the Technical skills containing –JIRA, Manual Testing concepts, BN Scripting beginners, etc. Then move towards education point that will contain 10th, 12th, graduation, post-graduation, etc. details. Similarly, add on the company experience (if any) in one part from the starting of the career till now. It must contain year, company name, designations, key responsibilities, project details, etc.
Then, pick a list one by one, say technical skill then sort them up as per the proficiency in that skill. You can say that the rating of every single skill will be done out of 5, the thing you are best at will have 5 marks whereas the familiarity prospect only has 1.
Go through the whole list once you are done, every single part and make sure that you have not missed out some important part. If yes, then add them or make a new column as certifications that can add your certificates details.
Then try to see your weakness, just because you are trying for the tester’s job doesn’t mean that you will have it with the blink of an eye. It is essential to know where you are lacking and the area that you need to work on.
Once, the details are compiled together then comes the template part to give it the proper flow.
Fresher or Experienced Resume Format
Now, you have all the details that are required to set in the resume. You need to move towards the setting up the point that will require proper formatting.
You need to highlight the important point and cover up the weakness in such a way that makes it more attractive. The format that is usually followed by the IT professionals are:
Header – Start with the Name at the top with the e-mail address, address and phone number right below it. These are the main attributions and means of communication for the testers and hence must be visible easily. You can also add a link to some certification or professional network that you are connected with such as LinkedIn profile.
Objective or Career Snapshot – It is a single line that explains everything about you. What you want, where you want to reach and what are your career scope. In order to get into the Software testing jobs, you have to focus on the transition that can be elaborated in this field.
Summary – This part will contain all the details in brief format that can be tabular or bullet point’s form. It will have the certifications, awards, achievements, technologies, etc.
Educational Background – This part will contain the education prospect of an individual. This must have the post-graduation and then graduation details. Move to the 12th and 10th background details. You don’t have to move further, just mention the school name, year and percentage that one achieved in the higher to lower education form.
Professional Background – If you are an experienced individual then it is essential to fill out spacewith the main career and professional background. It must contain the company’s name, role, strength, project, etc. Also, start with a significantpoint or your present working details then move towards your first job. Everything must be in the backward direction.
Project – This is an essential part since it will contain everything that you might have done in your professional life. However, you need to start with the recent project and then move towards the other one as the professional background.
Certifications – It must contain all the certification that you are involved in. However, you don’t have to fake anything since companies can ask for the proof. Hence, it is better,to be honest with the section.
Technical Skills –This section must contain the information about the technical skills that are acquired by the employee. It can while doing the job or some other skill that one might have.
Writing the Project Format
Yes, while you are mentioning the project that you might have done in the professional end, you need to follow a certain pattern to it as well. In the whole details format, there are major headers that you can’t missout.
Project Name
Name of the client or company (optional)
Description of the project in 2-3 sentences that can give us an overview of the whole project.
The environment in which the project was completed that is codinglanguage, tools, etc.
Size of the key
The key responsibilities that are handled by you personally.
Year Gap
Year gap is no longer a frustrating thing in the market. Even the employers understand the reason to have a gap in any profession.
All you need to do is mention why you have a year gap. In the place of the gap, one can mention the freelancing work or certification work that they might have done.
This will only add value to the resume since they will not your hard-working nature. Also, you can try to convince the interviewer later on that it was a valid reason to have a gap such as relocation, maternity, business, holiday, etc.
Accomplishment
You must try to cover up everything in a single sheet of paper but if it is not possible then one must put in some of the major snapshots of their career in the first sheet.
Employers don’t actually reach out to the next sheet if there is nothing to hold their attention on the first page.
Hence, make sure to mention all the accomplishment in the single sheet to grab their attention.
It can be in terms of education or certification or maybe the professional background. You can mention the extra details in the second sheet.
Things to keep in Mind
While writing an attractive resume, you need to know that:
Brief and simple resume has more value thanstack up and colourfulresume.
The objective must be clear and not confusing since it will be the first thing an employer notice.
Relevant skills must be highlighted or you can bold them to make sure that employers have a look at them.
No need to add unnecessary information such as Father’s detail, age, weight, etc.
Resume and Curriculum Vitae at the top of the resume are long gone trend.
Why QA testing job can be a good career choice
If you are in a confusion in deciding after your graduation whether to choose Software Testing as a career, then the below points can strengthen your judgment to choose software testing as a career.
In case you are already employed in a Company as a Software Tester and worried about your career growth then these points confirm that you have chosen a right career path.
High demand for testing
Testing has become an essential process when it comes to validation of any software. Since software always have a market, testing will also do. So does testers
Designing experiments
A QA tester is that mad scientist who designs and performs elaborate experiments to bring out the real quality and real capabilities of the software.
Remuneration
Remuneration is one of the biggest highlights of this profession. Even though freshers have less, as experience increases payscale also increases.
Read this blog to know more about software tester remuneration of 2019
Code Writer
It is an old myth in an industry that anyone who cannot code can be a Software Tester. But this being an automation age, a QA tester adopts writing code to automate the scripts.
Growth and multiple routes towards progression
Speaking about career growth, a Tester will eventually become Test Lead, and then Project Lead, and then Automation Architect, and then Test Manager etc., Ultimately everyone in this path reaches to the manager level.
The scope of Exploring the Latest Technologies
Being a tester and as the process entails, you will be required to work with all the latest techniques and technologies. So you get well versed with the popular and prevalent testing tools.
Creativity and Innovation
Since testing work is not explained to you, you will need to analyze the clues and think of places where the application is inconsistent with the end-user. So that generates creativity and innovation in you.
Summarily, if you like solving logical puzzles, if you love helping others in releasing a quality product in the market or if you love to take challenges in exploring and struggling to understand and find bugs and reporting to fix them, QA testing job is the right choice for you. Skill sets required for a QA testing job Certification
You need to pass the foundation course in QA testing. You should be well accustomed with the QA Testing methodologies, terminologies, and various testing techniques so that you will be familiar with the different development models (or methodologies) such as waterfall, the V model, incremental, spiral and more frequently these days, the Agile processes. Test Techniques
You need to have full knowledge of all the testing techniques. Documentation and Testing process
You need to know how to obtain conditions from the required document, ways to devise test-cases from the test conditions and ways of writing test procedures. Testing Tools
You need to have knowledge and experience on Automation Testing Tools, Performance Testing Tools, Test Management Tools, and Bug Tracking Tools. Personality and Attitude towards testing
As a QA tester, your job is to check to see that the project is running according to the design and specification and you should report any variation from the documented scripts. Hence, a great deal of concentration, comprehensive investigation and proper recording of results are very important. A good tester must possess the ability to take advantage of any security risks and exhibit that the output is fit for release.
Other attributes required are:
A good memory to reproduce the unscripted steps
You need to be a good communicator and team player to discuss any defects found to other members of the team
You need to be Ethical
Tips on getting a QA testing job easily
Update your resume
Make sure you take the time to think back about all your relevant past year work experiences. Do not try to show off. Organize your resume accordingly.
Get feedback on your resume before submitting
Ask others to review your resume because often a second eye may notice formatting or grammatical error.
Develop your Minimum Viable Job
When trying to decide between two competing offers, look out for aspects like geographical location or industry.
Create a list of potential employers and companies
Make a list of all the companies you would like to work for and then decide whether you want to move on to a smaller company or join an organization that has an established QA and testing practices.
Grow your network, tap coworkers, QA groups and LinkedIn
Confirm with other QA professionals from their LinkedIn profiles to get an idea of how to present your skills and experience and be sure to have your LinkedIn profile at par with your updated resume.
Benchmark the company’s QA and testing practices
Identify the best employer by finding out the future goals and current QA practices and methodologies.
Do not be too quick to say “yes” to the hiring manager
Get a thorough understanding by paying attention to every step of the job search process prior to confirming your acceptance of the role to the hiring manager.
Have you ever wondered about how to find bugs in your app? Do you possess testcases that you think is enough to trace out bugs? In this blog we have detailed about the effective steps that can be used to find bugs in your app. 1. Save the Code at Good Place
This first step is not only useful for tracking bugs. It has many other advantages that, truthfully, would give for an entire article. All the files that make up the source code of an application are not simple files that we should have saved in Dropbox or, worse, in a hard disk.
We should not save the source code of an application in places like Dropbox, Google Drive or on a hard drive. They are pretty peculiar files.
They are files that undergo different changes over time and that as a whole have different versions. To coder, these versions of the code have to be easily accessible and must have an explanation of what they represent.
To understand each other, we are talking about different versions of your code files, representing different versions of your application in the market for example, version 1, version 1.1, and version 2.0.
To all this, we have to add that these files have to be easily accessible to all the people who are working on them. The owner of the code has to be in possession of these files, but he has to allow access in a secure way to the developer or developers working on it.
The good news? There is a storage system that allows all this and much more that was designed precisely to save code. This system is called Git.
We could say that Git is not just a protocol, a standard or rules to follow, call it what you want. From here, there are different platforms that implement it. The best known today, and the one that has more popularity, is Github.
Advantages of Git includes,
Distributed Development
Each developer gets a local repository connected to a central repository does not require a network connection for commit creates a reliable environment
Workflow Branching Capability
Easy to manage branched system that provides an isolated environment for development. Create a new branch if you wish to work on something new. Ensures master branch have production quality code helps to work as detailed as agile backlog
Merge One Branch with Another
Merge one branch with another helps to pull request from one branch to entirely different one owing to that, changes can be tracked easily opens up the chances for discussion regarding their work before integrating with codebase inexperienced developers ruining entire project is minimal since pull request can be created as formal code review
Community Support
New addition to the team can get easily used to distributed development Easy to leverage 3rd party libraries others can fork their own source code
Faster Release Cycle
Developers can share smaller changes frequently helps well with continuous delivery and integration environment deployment can be automated. You can build and deploy code to servers from the branch of your like 2. Bug Tracking
At this point I am going to assume that we have the code of application in a Github repository.
If we had everything well configured, we, as owners of the application, would have to be the owners of the Github repository and developers, would have to have access to it in order to make the necessary modifications.
So far we have not seen any reason why Github can help us in tracking bugs, but peace of mind, we start now. Every repository in Github has a tab called bugs (bugs), and yes, we will use it for precisely to register the different bugs that happen in your application.
We can create a new bug by clicking on the New Issue button. From there we can add a title and a description. Now this bug will be registered in the repository until someone does something with it. 3. Automating the Bug Log
So far we have solved a small part of the problem. Now we have a registry of bugs to which, both we as owners of the code, and the developer that will be the person in charge of solving them, we can access.
However there is a great disadvantage. At this time the bug log is something manual. To track a bug, we would have to experience it ourselves and then go to the repository to register it and write down the details of it.
Does not seem like a good idea, right? Above all we have to take into account that there will be bugs that will only appear in certain specific cases, with which it is possible that, yes, they will be experienced by other users and not by ourselves.
It is also not necessary to mention that the process of going to create the bug manually to the repository is not an especially productive method.
Another tool to the rescue! In this case it is about Rollbar. Rollbar is a platform that is responsible for tracking bugs in any type of software. We can use it on websites, desktop programs, and programs running on a server and, of course, mobile applications. 4. Configuring Rollbar and Connecting with Github
How can we configure both tools to automate bug logging?
First of all we must create a project in Rollbar and configure it so that it is linked to the Github account. Specifically we will have to link new project to a repository. This repository will obviously be the one that contains all the source code of your application.
Next, we will have a slightly more technical part that the developer must complete. You will have to implement the Rollbar library within the source code of the application. It’s a quick job that can be ready in less than 1 day depending on the level of registration you want to follow.
What will happen once these steps are completed? Any bug, which happens to any user in your application, will be created automatically in the Issues section of Github repository. Automated bug logging! 5. Obtaining More information of Each Bug
Another of the problems we had without Rollbar that was the little information we had about a bug.
For anyone, with or without technical knowledge, it is very difficult to find out at a glance what is causing an application to fail. It does not matter if you have technical knowledge. Maybe you could know where the shots are going, but it would be almost impossible to know the cause at 100%. 6. Solving Bugs and Communication with the Developer
Well, now that we have seen the different tools, the configuration of the same and what benefits we will obtain, we will see what the day to day would be like to track the bugs of application.
In the first place, we should not have any person in charge of recording the bugs. Automatically Rollbar would create them as they happened.
The developer every X time would have to go consulting if there are new bugs and solves them. Once a bug has been solved and the code has been updated in the repository, the bug would be closed.
These are the standard factors that one asks for testing, for each of these clients, more information is required, such as on which network provider the bug was detected or the size of the screen where the bug was, etc.
Finding out bugs can be fun. Correct documentation along with corner cases will help you maximize the result. Conclusion
These are the basic steps in finding bugs in the developmental phase of software/app once the development has been done, it’s always better to do professional QA (Quality Analysis) with the help of a QA company to make the app as stable as it can get.
