Software Testing Help Archives - Page 10 of 12

How To Figure Out What Sort of Testing is Needed for a Project

Posted on July 24, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Testing is a critical part of all the software undertakings, and picking the correct procedure is a necessary choice that ought to be finalized before the beginning of the project. The determination will be founded on various circumstances – internal and external both.

Here’s a quick look at how to decide which testing system is ideal.
Beginning of Planning
To help figure out which system is appropriate for your project, begin by puttingupfront the accompanying helpful inquiries:

Consider the technology and application included. How was the application developed? How is the user experience?
Consider testing necessities. Does the application have an extremely complex work process?
Do you have to run the test cases in a foreordained order?
What are the license costs connected with every tool?
Does the test case have to be updated always?
What aptitudes does your staff as of now have? Is there a team that could connect to one of the systems?

Size of the Project
The size of theproject relies upon the functional size of the framework under test. The functional size indicates the quantity of functionality that is significant to the client.
A substantial undertaking that is produced over a more drawn out time period may be firmly connected to and even subject to an abundance of documentation at each stage of the venture. This may likewise be ordered by the higher administration levels, and in such a case the Waterfall or V-model may bode well.
The Agile technique depends on negligible documentation and won’t be proper for such a vast venture, as it may likewise make it harder to judge endeavors required for testing.
Thus, for a smaller undertaking, that requires the stages to advance rapidly, and depends on a dynamic improvement technique, the Agile testing model would be the approach.
Budget and Time of the Project
At last how much time is accessible will dependably influence the determination of testing procedures. At the point when additional time is accessible we stand a chance to choose more strategies and when the time is seriously constrained we will be restricted to those that we know, have a decent possibility of helping us find only the most imperative errors.
In case that the deadline is near for the testing phase then automation testing is the best decision.
Test Objective
In case the test objective is basically to pick up certainty that the product will adapt to ordinary operational activities at that point use cases would be a sensible approach. When the goal is for extremely exhaustive testing then more thorough and detailed methods (incorporating structure-based methods) ought to be selected.
Interpretation of Resources
Another vital thing is to assign the right resources to the test execution practice otherwise you can’t accomplish the desired test scope and results. Plan your product testing process based on the accessibility of your testing assets. This incorporates test environment, testing tools, testing devices, and human resources.
You must interpret the range of abilities of resources and their availability for the undertaking. For instance, an expert tester will take two days to finish an errand; though, an apprentice may take four days for a similar undertaking.

Must Read : 15 Top Selenium WebDriver Commands For Test Automation

Also, in case that you are utilizing some new testing toolsor devices, the duration of the learning time ought to be incorporated into the evaluations.
You may have particular programming or hardware prerequisites to comply with the framework in progress. Thus, ensure that you have or you will place the required test environment when required.
Considering the Testing tools
The advantage of utilizing appropriate testing tools can’t be discredited. So, the way to deal with selecting them ought to be exceptionally insightful.
Kind of Framework Utilized
The kind of framework (e.g. graphical, embedded, financial, and so on.) will impact the selection of methods. For instance, a money-related application including numerous calculations would profit by boundary value analysis.
Don’t Disregard the Significance of Documentation
Documentation is an important element of manual testing, particularly with regards to hunting issues through reports. An adequate report is fundamental to helping other team members (developers and testers alike) comprehend what problems exist and how to discover them.

To write a substantial report, you require a simple title that obviously determines the issue, an arranged list of steps to reproduce the issue that is straightforward and easy to track, specifications on the priority and seriousness of the issue, and knowledge on what ought to happen if the issue is settled.
Types of Testing and When They are Required
Automated Testing
You may automate the testing of an application or software by running scripts which open up a website page, push a few buttons, input any data, and afterward check for a few results.
You could likewise automate the API testing by writing scripts that call to the API with different information and afterward check the outcomes that are returned.
More testing strategies are moving towards automated testing in light of the fact that manually going through test cases, again and again, can be blunder inclined, tedious, and expensive. It is done particularly in an agile environment where a similar arrangement of tests should be run like every two weeks or so to verify nothing has broken.
Why Manual Testing?
Manual testing is performed based on human judgment and experience. By utilizing this procedure, those zones get tested that might not have been tested or needed as through the manual testing you can test all aspects of the product.
Let’s Have a look at the Video Representation by Coolgrad about software testing best practices
<span data-mce-type="bookmark" style="display: inline-block; width: 0px; overflow: hidden; line-height: 0;" class="mce_SELRES_start"></span>
Manual testing is just reasonable when the test cases are run just once or twice, and regular repetition isn’t wanted.
Performance Testing
Performance testing is the testing to evaluate the speed and viability of the framework and to ensure it is creating results inside a predefined time as in performance necessities. It falls under the category of black box testing.
Load testing
Load testing strategy is utilized to test an application by frequently and relentlessly expanding the load on the application until the point when it leads threshold objective.
For the most part, this product testing strategy recognizes the greatest working limit of an application and to figure out which component is causing degradation.
Estimate the Time for Load Testing
Since load testing is a different exercise out and out, the time and resources required for it are not the same as that required in the normal testing process. Subsequently, it is imperative to estimate time for manual load testing and evaluate the venture result and due date as needed to be.
Analyze to Test Parallel or Sequentially
If you’ve to run the test simultaneously yet on various machines then automation testing is conducted since on account of manual testing you need to conduct the test sequentially.
GUI Testing
For testing, GUI shows automation testing is executed. There are numerous devices utilized for recording user activities and afterward replay them any number of times. This is useful for looking at genuine and expected outcomes.
Acceptance Testing
Acceptance testing is known by several distinct names.Sometimes it is named user acceptance testing. Other times it’s called system testing.
The basic concept of acceptance testing is that you have a few tests which test the real expectations or requirements of the client, and other tests which run against the system as a whole.
This type of testing could be used to test the usability or to test the system functionality or both.
Regression Testing
The idea behind regression testing is to ensure the product doesn’t relapse in functionality.
This is critical with Agile development techniques where programming is produced incrementally and there is a steady potential that including new features could hamper present ones.
Most automated tests are regression tests.
Exploratory Testing
Manual testing is best for Exploratory testing in which testers are allocated an approximately characterized assignment to accomplish utilizing the product being tested.
One of the advantages of exploratory testing is that anybody can participate to help test since they should simply meander about the software in a free-form way.
Exploratory testing isn’t irregular, yet they aren’t scripted like manual tests too.
System Testing
The system testing is normally done by a team that is free of the development group to assess the property of an application.
In an application development, system testing is executed as the initial level of testing where the framework is tested all in all.
End-to-End Testing
End-to-end testing is a type of product testing to test if the flow of an application is carrying on as assumed from beginning to end.
In this testing strategy, the whole application is checked for basic functionalities like interfaces, communicating with different frameworks, network, database, and different applications.
The fundamental purpose of utilizing end-to-end testing technique is to decide the different conditions of an application notwithstanding ensuring that the precise data is transmitted between different components of the system.
Unit Testing
The foundational phase of testing is unit testing. Unit testing is the act of instrumenting input and output accuracy checks for singular units of code. The measurement unit, for this situation, is independent code techniques or functions.
Unit tests are an awesome method to approve determined data functions.
Security Testing
Security testing is a class of testing which is performed to recognize vulnerabilities in a framework and related foundation, with a specific end goal to ensure client and organization information, and also the rational attribute.

Also Read : 10 Best Automation Testing Tools For 2018

There are various distinctive sub-classes to security testing, for example, penetration testing, which strives to recognize vulnerabilities that an attacker could damage from internal or external access.
Ad-hoc Testing
In this situation, there is no particular approach. It is an absolutely impromptu technique for testing where the comprehension and knowledge of the software tester is the main essential factor.
Other key factors to consider for finalizing testing techniques–

Who will Test

The test purpose must definitely appoint duties regarding the different phases of testing to project staff. The self-governing tester facilitates a fresh view of how well the application meets the necessities. Utilizing such an individual for the component test requires a great knowledge which may not be feasible in a very iterative environment.

The engineer brings an information about the aspects of the program yet, in addition, an inclination concerning his/her own particular work.

Considerations About Adopting for Automation

In spite of the fact that you shouldn’t automate the majority of your testing, you ought to constantly search for chances to grasp automation so as to spare time and make it less difficult to run some tests all the more regularly (particularly as testing turns out to be more integrated in the whole software developing process).
Make sure to adopt an automated as the first strategy while considering which tests are best off performed manually and which tests are great nominees for automation.
You must likewise keep unpredictability as a top priority. While profoundly complex test cases ought to stay manual, automating straightforward smoke tests can include critical value.

Direct Conceptualizing

It is likewise prudent to save some time for conceptualizing the real test outcomes and objects. While conceptualizing for the test objects, it is critical to retain the numbers genuine as opposed to expecting some unachievable numbers.
Conceptualizing will furthermore enable you to distinguish and cover some unexpected deferrals amid the testing stage while it encourages you to use from the greatest test coverage.

Build up Quality Assurance Process

Distinct projects can have an alternate structure of project groups, assignments, and roles. Subsequently, you may have the option to adherence to the organization quality assurance process or change it according to the undertaking needs. You may likewise need to characterize the states in the bug life cycle for your venture.
Quality assurance process incorporates the total quality cycle for the venture beginning from the comprehension of prerequisites, making of test scenarios, performing of test cases, analysis and reporting of bugs, checking the fixes, and lastly working out the smoke test of the ultimate software.

Delays and Possibilities

You can utilize a few estimation systems to give practical evaluations for testing exercises. In any case, there is as yet a chance that actual work will go astray from the assessed effort. Sometimes, it happens that development required more exertion and the release does not end up accessible for testing until the due date comes close.
So, it is prescribed to consider such postponements and also include a few possibilities in the estimations.

Changes in the Code

In the event that the changes made in the code are every much frequent then automation testing ought to be performed. In some cases, it happens in making out variations in the one module that can damage the other module.
Hence, it’s essential to test the entire modules after rolling out changes to one of the modules and this can without any difficulty be tested through the automation process.

Try not to Neglect Bug Cycle

Bug cycle is a necessary element of test execution. Sometimes, it happens that the real test cycle keeps going a few more days than what was regulated before.
In this order, it is critical for the testing personals to recognize the way that the test cycle intensely relies upon the resistance of the build. In case that the site or application isn’t steady or when it is loaded with defects, it will need more time to settle them, which toward the end extends the testing cycle.

Recognize the Gaps

Now and again, there’re gaps between the project skill demand and the member’s capabilities. Its obligation of Test Manager to recognize which abilities the individuals need in order to make a proper training plan for them.

Capability

Automation testing is more productive when there are vast quantities of system users.
Wrapping up…
As all projects are not the same and every one of them doesn’t follow a similar strategy, it is hard to give a non-exclusive response to this inquiry. The most ideal approach to deal with this query is to take a moment to comprehend the present part or project you are operating on and reach up to a solution that best matches your condition.

Since great planning can discover defects before live testing starts. By inspecting connections among the objects needed by different use cases, the necessities can be checked for consistency and conclusion. This discovers defects considerably more economically than making test cases in view of flawed terms.

Also Read : 5 Major Steps to Test Automation Assessment

How to Fix Common Errors with Appium Testing Framework

Posted on July 10, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Appium mobile testing is an open-source tool and system for automating mobile web, native, and hybrid applications on both iOS and Android platforms. It runs great on native apps – the ones that are written utilizing the iOS or Android SDKs, mobile web applications that are reached utilizing a mobile browser and hybrid apps that are using the webview and are covered within your app.

It has NO reliance on Mobile device OS. Since APPIUM has wrapper or framework that makes the translation of Selenium Webdriver commands into UIAutomator (Android) or UIAutomation (iOS) commands relying upon the type of device, no OS type.

All languages that have Selenium client libraries are supported by the Appium such as – Objective-C, Java, JavaScript with node.js, Ruby, PHP, Python, C#, and so on.

But today, we’ll try to propose the fresh look at this system. There are several diverse blogs out there that concentrate on Appium and give tips and tricks for different topics. In this blog series, we will disclose to you the possible errors one might encounter using Appium.

Let’s begin.

Error #1. Could not connect to Lockdownd (on iOS)

Exiting
sudochmod -R 777 /var/db/lockdown/
In case that you still face the problem then use below steps to solve the issue-
try to uninstall the ios-webkit-debug-proxy and install once more.
brew uninstall — force libimobiledeviceios-webkit-debug-proxy
brew install — HEAD libimobiledeviceios-webkit-debug-proxy
OR
brew update
brew reinstall — HEAD libimobiledevice
brew reinstall -s ios-webkit-debug-proxy

Error #2. Misusing XPath

Misusing XPath locators is a mutual mistake with Selenium, in spite of the fact that it’s more unfortunate error in the Appium environment.

Appium XPath is a great method to discover elements, yet it accompanies a really enormous execution cost. This is because of XML-and XPath-type questions, that are not locally given by Apple and Google – in any event in the form that we’d prefer them to be.

Also Read : How to Install Appium Server and Node on Windows through Command Line

This drives Appium to make a ton of costly calls in the engine to help to discover elements assuredly when utilizing XPath.

So, you can utilize XPath, however, there are far superior locator methods you can apply – such as the accessibility IDs.

Error #3. Script taking longer to Load (on iOS)

The script will be taking forever to load and launch on a real device.

Try these ways to solve the error –

If before installed, then uninstall or delete the WebDriverAgent app from your real test simulator or device.

In case that uninstalling doesn’t fix the issue, restart the mobile and attempt running your tests.

Error #4. The Issue during swiping down action on the iOS Device

When the configuration is done and the execution is triggered, strangely there are issues simply for the scripts in which there was a swipe down action to perform for opening the spotlight search on the phone.

There is a potential suspect for this unknown server error. This is –

driver.manage().window().getSize();
The reason behind the error was WDA. So, clean it and build it over.
1. Open the WebDriverAgent.xcodeproj in Xcode and choose WebDriverAgentRunner in the scheme prior to developing, ensure that it is signed.
2. Start the runner by running the tests.
3. In case all is fine, the screen on the device will become black and afterward revert to the application screen. The newly installed WebDriverAgentRunner. on the phone is seen.
4. The server is working while the tests run.

Error #5. Found Internal Error while running the Command. (on iOS)

Error: Could not initialize ios-deploy make sure it is installed (npm install -g ios-deploy) and works on your system.
You have to ensure that you have enabled turned ON the UI Automation toggle running Appium scripts for the device.
Settings > Developer > Enable UI Automation
Additionally, note that while working with native safari, make sure you begin the iOS debug proxy, also that the connection to your device is set prior to starting of the appium server either through app UI or the command line.
In the terminal, run these commands –
ios_webkit_debug_proxy -c <device udid>:27753
Start appium
Now try running your test scripts.

Error #6. Could not find adb. Please set the ANDROID_HOME environment variable with the Android SDK root directory path.

You apparently need to configure the SDK root directory path in system ‘Environment Variables’ under ‘Path’ column.
Error- The following desired capabilities are needed but were not provided: platformName, device Name
Add needed capabilities: platformName, device Name in APPIUM script.

Error #7. Error on connecting the real iOS device with Appium server

When you open an app through Appium server though get the following error –
An unknown server-side error occurred while processing the command. Original error: Unknown device or simulator UDID: ‘046e4469d6cb14ff57e378599bd4b1d09390472b’
{
“platformName”: “iOS”,
“deviceName”: “iPad”,
“automationName”: “XCUITest”,
“udid”: “046e4469d6cb14ff57e378599bd4b1d09390472b”,
“bundleId”: “com.***”,
“platformVersion”: “11.2.6”,
“app”: “/Users/***/***.ipa”
}
To solve the issue, use the below-given configuration –
{
“platformName”: “iOS”,
“platformVersion”: “10.2.1″,
“deviceName”: “——”,
“udid”: “fdbe0d55ced1fd6fa842681b6a058438573fb762″,
“app”: “/Users/—-/—/—/—.ipa”,
“automationName”: “XCUITest”
}
Depending upon app path, it will detect the app that needs to be loaded, further, you have to implement the iOS version (device OS version for the device or XCode ios simulator version for simulator/).

Error #8. Xcode9.1+IOS 11.1.2+APPIUM1.2.7 runtime throws exceptions,’11.1.2’does not exist in the list of simctl SDKs. (on iOS)

Run with the accessible version of the simulator.

Error #9. Running iOS test.

Error message – [INST STDERR] posix spawn failure; aborting launch
Your app is not assembled precisely for the device or simulator.

Error #10. Issue while running mobile safari test.

Error message – Could not prepare mobile safari with version ‘7.1’
You apparently have to run the authorize script newly to make the iOS SDK files writeable.

Error #11. Appium Java JUnit test package unzip failed (on Linux x86_64 or Mac)

You will see the following error message –
Warning
We could not open your test ZIP file. Please verify that the file is valid and try again.
You have to ensure that you can unzip the test package with no errors. In the following case, the name of the package is zip-with-dependencies.zip.
Copy your test package in your working directory. Then run the given command –
$ unzip zip-with-dependencies.zip
When you have successfully unzipped the package, you can see the operating directory tree structure by running the below-given command –
$ tree .
A valid Appium Java JUnit package must provide an output as following –
|— acme-android-appium-1.0-SNAPSHOT.jar (this is the JAR containing everything built from the ./src/main directory)
|— acme-android-appium-1.0-SNAPSHOT-tests.jar (this is the JAR containing everything built from the ./src/test directory)
|— zip-with-dependencies.zip (this .zip file contains all of the items)
`— dependency-jars (this is the directory that contains all of your dependencies, built as JAR files)
|— com.some-dependency.bar-4.1.jar
|— com.another-dependency.thing-1.0.jar
|— joda-time-2.7.jar
`— log4j-1.2.14.jar

15 Points To Consider While Hiring a Software Testing Company

Posted on July 2, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Why do we test something? Well to see if the ‘something’ in question is up to the mark or not. The same applies for software which before launching in the market is necessary to test. This is in order to ensure its functioning, accuracy and simplicity of the system.

Software developing companies hire software testing companies like any other outsourcing service as they are experts in ensuring that a software system runs flawlessly and measures up to all the essential quality criteria put into place. But what is the criteria, based on which we hire a software testing company?
We shall discuss this in the following sections. But first let us understand, what is software testing?
Software Testing:-
It is an investigation which is conducted to provide information about the quality of the software. It is done to assure that the software is working as expected.
There are two ways of doing software testing:-
Black box software testing done by professional testers qualified for the job.
White box software testing done by non-technical end-users.
Software Testing Company:-
It is an organization that conducts software testing for different companies or business entities.
So now, in the following section, we will discuss the points that should be considered while hiring a software testing company.
1. Experience:-
It is one of the most important aspects that should be considered while hiring a software testing company. you should check whether the company has any experience in software testing or not. To do so, you can check or read their portfolio and by going through their past experiences. Some parameters on which you can rate the company’s experience are Parameters of coding, usability, the performance delivered, design and marketing, load balancing capabilities etc.
2. Qualification:-
However qualification plays a vital role in selecting the software testing company, but it is not necessary that a more qualified outsourcing company will give you the better result. The things that matter is the innovative ideas, the capability of the team and of course the qualification as well. So, before hiring a company the criteria of qualification is also need to be considered. You should give your project to the company who have a team of well-qualified professionals.
3. Coding Standards & Framework:-
Before hiring a software testing company you should assure that the company and the team should have a sound knowledge of programming language and tools related to software testing. The company having the more structured framework and an organized coding system will have the better code maintainability compared to others.
4. The Extent of Service:-
It is another important point that needs to be considered before hiring a software testing company. It is very important to see the extension or the scope of the services rendered by the company as it will help you in the long run. You should assure that the company is providing you with all the steps of software development lifecycle.
5. Team Location:-
It is another important question that comes to the mind while selecting a software testing company. The question is whether you should choose an offshore company or a company in the same country?
The overseas company can provide you the high-quality service but at the same time, there can be an issue of communication barriers, language issue, cultural differences etc. So, if you are choosing an international company, make sure that they are able to beat these barriers.
6. Service Level Agreement:-
It is an agreement or a contract signed between both the parties i.e. the service provider and the client. the SLAs defines the output expected from the service provider. It is very important to define the SLAs between both the parties to ensure 100% alignment of goals settled between both the parties.
Some key points that your SLA must have are:-

Knowledge transfer
core business know-how
Process compliance
Timelines of reporting and project management
Quality measures etc.

7. Flexibility and Scalability:-
There should be flexibility in the services provided by the software testing company or an outsourcing company. It should be decided by examining the factors such as modifiability, ease of exit, robustness, new capability etc. Outsourcing contracts demand a degree of mouldability to ensure that the timescale fluctuations are met.
8. Quality Improvement:-
It is one of the primary objective of the client to achieve a remarkable quality improvement through outsourcing a software testing company. As the agreement comes to an end, the working method and process tried to improve continually. Eventually, the target should be the overall improvement of the end product.
9. Intellectual Property Protection:-
It is one of the important aspects to be taken care while outsourcing the services. IP refers to the creation of mind like inventions, designs, artistic work, and symbol etc. used in commerce. It is one of the biggest challenges to protect the IP of business when it is outsourced.
10. Security:-
When you hire a software testing company, security is the most important aspect that needs to take care. The software must be having the information about the company that should not be disclosed to everyone. So, a business should choose the company which provides security to the software.
11. Testing Infrastructure:-
It refers to the tools and techniques that are required for software testing. Before hiring a software testing company you should make sure the service provider must have all the required infrastructure to support your software or product. The testing infrastructure includes software, hardware, operating system, backend database systems, testing tools, platforms etc.
12. Management Style:-
Management plays an important role in software testing. So before hiring a software testing company, you should make sure that the managerial style of your company is compatible with the service provider. It is important that both should have a same managerial language which will help them work together.

13. Responsibility and Accountability:-
Responsibility and accountability should go together. The software testing company you are hiring must be responsible and should be one who can take the accountability also. You would love to work with the company who is ready to take the responsibility and the accountability as well.
14. Cost of Working:-
After accessing the company on the above-mentioned parameters, you should decide the true cost of working with them. You should choose the outsourcing company which provides you the maximum ROI in terms of quality, overall value addition, and timely delivery.
15. Documentation Standards:-
Before hiring a software testing company, you should make sure that the company should have all the required documentation standard you need. Some of the documents are; test plans, scripts, test plans, test scenarios and test results etc. You should make sure that the company you are hiring should be well documented and you have easy access to the documents.
Final Thought
Today, software testing is the need of almost every software project or company. For conducting a software test we need to hire or outsource a software testing company who fulfill all the above-mentioned parameters or aspects. The main motive of outsourcing a software testing company is to get the quality work at a reasonable cost. Another reason for outsourcing the company is that the organization hiring the software testing company can focus on its core business area.

Brace Yourself! Software Testing Memes Are Here

Posted on June 13, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Memes for life!

So what’s so special about them?

They are funny, they are the breeding ground for the sarcasm in you!

And above all, All of us out there can create one, share it and laugh

Well, not every one. You have to have a sense of humor and please, offensive people, stay away!

Oh yes! Forgot to tell you one of the most important aspects of memes. They are universal and they can be applied to anything everything.

For instance, Software testing has always been one of the most hectic jobs out there. software testing memes can alleviate a bit of that pressure from your client through the laugh.

And oh boy, there are plenty of them out there which are insanely hilarious.

Aren’t you curious to know which one they are?

If you are,

Scroll Down!

That Moment

2. You never know

3. Been there! Done that!

4. Awww

5. Do it like salt bae!

6. Borat from Kazakhstan approves it

7. This is deep yo all

8. It’s a war every day

9. 2018 yo!

10. Lel

Learn How to Use Testcafe For Creating Testcases Just Like That

Posted on June 6, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

TestCafe is an open source end-to-end browser testing tool released by DevExpress. This Node.Js open source framework is used to automate end-to-end web testing.

Astounding Features of Testcafe is that it is compatible with Windows, Mac and Linux. It also supports testing of desktop, mobile, remote and cloud browsers. Since installing Selenium webdriver and its libraries are tedious, Testcafe serves as an easy to handle alternate.

First of all let’s dive into the benefits of using TestCafe over others like Selenium/ UFT.
Downloading the software and creating test cases doesn’t take more than 5 minutes.
You can run tests in any browser without much effort (IE9+, Chrome, Firefox and Safari)
With the help of TestCafe you can run your test on multiple OS (Windows, Mac and Linux)
Without any extra server for multiple platform support TestCafe run tests in parallel browsers and on multiple machines.
TestCafe is 100% web based
No headache of writing code as assertions is added via a visual editor. Element selection process is very easy when it comes to TestCafe.
Record and play option
Tests made by TestCafe are purely based on JavaScript which directly communicates with DOM.
Learning TestCafe API’s is easy compared to Selenium’s APIs. Testcafe exposes a minimum number of APIs to learn.
It is affordable with flexible licensing. You will also get 12 month dedicated support.
Now let’s look at the steps which are involved in installing TestCafe and creating test cases.
First prerequisite is installation of node.js in your system. If you have node.js installed in your system then you can install packages with the help of npm command.

npm install –g testcafe ————- for windows platform
sudo npm install –g testcafe ————–for linux platform

Once you are ready with installation; let’s look at the main steps to create tests. You can open any editor or IDE and make one file with extension as .js

First you have to define a text fixture whose value will contain the web app link you want to test.

Fixture ‘First practice fixture’

.page ‘http://devexpress.github.io/testcafe/example/’;

Now you know that Node.js is asynchronous and non-blocking in nature. So, now comes a turn to declare your first testcase which you can define by

test(‘ My first test’, async t => {});

Now your fixture and first test case is ready. Now add the code to your first test case to test functionalities.

You can run this blank test by first saving the test with .js extension. Then, you can type the following command in console:

testcafe yourfilename.js

After running this blank testcase your test case will be tested against the browser explicitly mentioned. Else, it will automatically detect Google Chrome in your system and then it will open it. Hence; your test would be tested against the browser.

Now let’s add code to our first test

As of now our main structure is ready.

Fixture ‘First practice fixture’
.page ‘http://devexpress.github.io/testcafe/example/’;
test(‘ My first test’, async t => {
await t
.typeText(‘#developer-name’, ‘Nancy Tuli’);
.click(‘#macos’);
.click(‘#submit-button’);
});

What the above code will do is open Google Chrome browser and then loads the specified URL into the browser. The 3 lines of code which is defined in the test are to type ‘Nancy Tuli’ into the Developer-name field and then it will select the macos radio button. At last, it will click on the submit button.

Now if you will run this test with the help of command testcafe yourfilename.js; then testcafe will emulate the actions defined by you.

You can even have a page object model with test case. In the pages.js files you can define the locators with the help of testcafe web integrated version. After having the pages of your application; you can make object of those pages and then use those locators.

Let’s suppose you have a page page.js

In the driver Script you can make object of this page by

Const page = new page();
Now you can use its locators by (.) operator.
Page.interfaceselect
Page. Macosselectbutton

Now in a test case you always have lot of things to verify. There is an assert statement which you will get to know from this underlying example. Let’s say after the first test a message pops up which says “Thank you, Nancy Tuli!”
For assertions you have to import Selector for the article header and then you can get its inner text. With this inner text you will be able to verify whether the text is present or not.

import {Selector} from ‘testcafe’;
Fixture ‘First practice fixture’
.page ‘http://devexpress.github.io/testcafe/example/’;
test(‘ My first test’, async t => {
await t
.typeText(‘#developer-name’, ‘Nancy Tuli’);
.click(‘#macos’);
.click(‘#submit-button’);
.expect(articleHeader.innerText).eql(‘Thank you, Nancy Tuli!’);
});

You must be amazed that till now addition of any kinds of explicit and implicit wait in the program has not taken place as we do in Selenium and UFT. Yes, you are right! TestCafe has brilliant automatic wait mechanism which takes care of all wait relates stuffs. You don’t have to introduce any kind of code for wait so that actions could be completed on time. Though, you can change the maximum wait time in testcafe itself.
The best thing about testcafe is its easy integration with CI/CD system. If you have a Jenkins server on which you tests would be running then no need to worry as testcafe can be integrated with Jenkins, Travis and TeamCity; and you can run all your test scripts from console.

So, now you got to know how beneficial testcafe for testing your web apps is. You don’t need to code as it gives you ability to record and play. Even manual testers will find it easy to operate the software.

Functional and Non-Functional Testing : Striking Differences

Posted on May 9, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Testing is critical to every business function, but testing is a huge umbrella. One needs to understand the different types of testing available and then decide what is best suited for their application. One of the broadest classifications of testing is functional and non-functional testing. In this section, we will discuss more of these two types of testing and how they are different from one another.
Context of the blog

What is Functional Testing?
What is non-functional testing?
Functional testing strategies
Types of Functional Testing
Functional testing strategies
Conclusion

1. what is functional testing?
Just as the name suggests, functional testing is done to verify the functionality of the Application Under Test (AUT). At the beginning of any software project, there is a stakeholder meeting to discuss the requirements of the application. These requirements are discussed, brainstormed, documented, and then signed off. This document then serves as a guideline for application development.
The main aim of any functional testing is to ensure, everything documented in the specifications document is implemented as expected. Quality in terms of functional testing is getting the expected result after every transaction. The accuracy of the result or output is the checkpoint for every functional test case. A detailed functional testing plan is driven by a testing matrix wherein each requirement is mapped to one or more functional test cases and verification points.
2. What is non-functional testing?
Non-functional testing concentrates on the aspects of testing that are not directly related to the functionality of the application. Some of the most points that are tested under non-functional testing are the usability of the application, the ease of navigation, time is taken to move between screens or pages, the performance of the application under load or stress.
Many people make the mistake of ignoring non-functional requirements, this can sometimes lead to the failure of the application or product as well. Instead, they should make it a point to capture and document these requirements as well. These are popularly known as the NFR’s (Non-Functional Requirements). Both functional and non-functional requirements are equally important and need to be thoroughly tested for the success of the application.

3. Types of Functional Testing
White Box Testing: Includes testing the internal structure of the system code

Black Box Testing: Based on the test objective, derive test cases

Unit Testing: Identify bugs and errors right from the start of the development life cycle.

Smoke Testing and Sanity Testing: Compare the system with specifications to make sure it’s functioning accordingly

Integration Testing: Test individual software components to verify the interaction between various interfaces

Non-Functional Testing Involves Following Sub-Types of Testing’:

Compatibility Testing: Performed to ensure compatibility of a system, application, or website

Configuration Testing: Testing an application with multiple combinations of software and hardware to find out the optimal configurations

Load Testing: Determine a system’s behavior under both normal and anticipated peak load conditions.

Performance Testing: Evaluating the quality or capability of a product.

Recovery Testing: Determine how quickly the system can recover after it has gone through a system crash or hardware failure

Security Testing: Determine if an information system protects data and maintains functionality

Scalability Testing: Measure its capability to scale up or scale out in terms of any of its non-functional capability.

Stress Testing: Stretches software to its limits and checks its durability.

4. Functional Testing Strategies

For functional testing, the test strategies are attained using automated and manual tools. The widely used functional testing method includes black-box testing, where the tester isn’t required to test the internal source code, but validates the system using valid and invalid inputs.

All functional tests like, API testing, unit testing, Boundary value analysis, etc., have a specific output that has an expected output. After entering valid data, the system should work as intended. Functional tests are scripted with pass and fail criteria.

The tests conducted under this require more creativity and technical expertise compared to the functional ones. This is because you are developing a product keeping the end-user workflow in mind, rather than what input gives what output.

While some non-functional tests can be defined through fail and pass criteria, many tests are more objective and require the opinion of the testing team.

Therefore non-functional tests are written in measurable and quantifiable ways wherever needed. Having good communication and requirement gathering from the client is essential when you perform testing.

5. Difference Between Functional and non-functional Testing

S No.	Criterion	Functional Testing	Non Functional Testing
1	What is tested?	The functionality of the application is tested by verifying each of the functional requirements as documented in the SRS (Software Requirement Specification)	The NFR or the Non-Functional Requirements are tested here with more weightage on usability and ease of use for the customers.
2	How is it performed?	It can be done both manually and using automation tools	In most cases, we need a tool to simulate the scenarios for this type of testing
3	What is validated?	The functionality of the application is verified against the set guidelines	The performance of the application is validated under different situations.
4	Example	On the login screen, once the user enters his username and password, he should be able to successfully navigate to the next screen in the application	On the login screen, once the user enters his username and password, he should be able to successfully navigate to the next screen in the application within “X” seconds. This “X” should be documented in the NFR document. So, if X is 6 sec, the user being able to log in at the 7th second would be considered as a failure.
5	Sequence	Once the application development is completed, the functional testing can be module by module or even with respect to functionalities.	It is normally done after the functional testing is completed for the entire application. It can be done along with the integration testing also.
6	Types of testing	1. Unit Testing 2. Smoke Testing 3. Regression Testing 4. Integration Testing 5. User Acceptance Testing	1. Load Testing 2. Performance Testing 3. User Experience Testing 4. Stress Testing 5. Disaster Recovery Testing
7	Usage	It is done to validate the application and how it behaves	It is done to validate the performance of the application under different sets of conditions and scenarios
8	Source of the requirements	The functional requirements are provided by the app owners and signed off before the start of the development activity	Voice of Customer and the surveys related to how similar applications perform in the market are taken as the ballpark measure for the non-functional requirements
9	Ease of defining checkpoints	Functional testing checkpoints are easy to define. For example, if you have a login screen, you enter the correct credentials and hit the login button, it should take you to the next page.	The NFR checkpoints are difficult to describe. For example, in different instances login may take 4 sec, 6 sec, 8 sec, or 10 sec. It is difficult to decide which is the failure case in this.
10	Ease of execution	Functional tests are very straightforward and easy to execute. If there are well-defined test cases available, then in most cases even a non-tester would be able to perform the functional testing by following the test case document	Running the non-functional tests needs a deep understanding of the scenarios and how to set them up. It requires special skills and cannot be performed by non-testers

6. Conclusion
Both functional and non-functional testing is very important for rolling out a quality product or application to the market. It is the responsibility of the stakeholders to ensure both these types of testing are done exhaustively before the product or application reaches the customers.
The success of the application or software product is directly related to its quality. And the best quality can be achieved only by conducting both functional and non-functional testing.

12 Disastrous Software failure that created chaos0

Posted on April 23, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

The word ‘Disaster’ is an underplaying word for any organization or brand that had incurred losses due to software failure. Though technology and innovative applications have made life much simpler, numerous software bug instances are recorded by organizations.

Since it’s a human tendency to make mistakes and software products are coded and tested by humans, every piece of software, therefore, has some of the other glitches. In this run, let us look at 12 infamous epic software bugs that have changed the way developers and testers develop and test any software application.

1. Data breach at Yahoo – August 2013

An epic and historic data breach that occurred at Yahoo in August 2013 affected almost 3 billion users was hacked by a group of professional black hats from Eastern Europe. The hackers were also suspected of stealing and selling customer information hacked from LinkedIn, Myspace and Tumblr.

Similarly, there again occurred a breach in 2014 which affected 500 million Yahoo users but was different from the 2013 incident. People using Yahoo services should always follow proper hygiene by using two-factor authentication and not using the same password for a long period.

2. HSBC Online Banking Failure- April 2016

One of the world’s leading banks, HSBC, suffered an IT outage that left thousands of customers stranded. On 4th January 2016, people started facing problems while logging into the online and mobile banking services. The problem continues for the next 2 days and people feared to lose their money due to the failed system.

Though, HSBC released an official statement on Twitter apologizing for the audience for the technical issue. Though HSBC never came up with the exact reason for this downtime, we are sure it was caused due to some technical breaches.

3. North American Blackout- August 2003

On August 14, 2003, more than 50 million people lost power due to an aging grid that encountered a series of technological flaws, stretching from New York City to Ohio. The problem started when a power plant along the southern shore of Lake Erie, Ohio went offline due to the high demand which put the rest of the power network under greater stress.

While you might think that this has got nothing to do with a software bug, but the incident could have been avoided if the software that triggered the alarm system had not been bugged. The alarm could have alerted the officials at the right time to averting the incident.

4. ARIANE 5 Failure

On 4th June 1995, Europe’s newest satellite-launching rocket, ARIANE 5 ended in failure. Just after 40 seconds of it taking off, the launcher broke down and exploded. According to the team that investigated the failure, the destruction occurred due to the 64-bit number being coded into a 16-bit space. The loss of information was due to the error in the specification and design of the inertial reference system.

5. Pentium FDIV Bug- Nov 1994

Chips are like the brain for every electronic device. In 1994, the CPU market leader Pentium found that their chip simply couldn’t perform its math. Pentium tried and tested to find out that no matter what software changes you perform, the results stood the same being inaccurate for all combinations. The problem actually was the faulty math co-processor that was known as the floating-point unit.

When the floating-point unit accessed any empty cells in the algorithms, it would show a zero response instead of real calculations. The company was lucky in terms of finding the bug in an early stage before it shipped the chips to its customers.

6. Cisco Email Security Appliance Vulnerability- Sep 2016

In September 2016, a deformity in the Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME) scanner of Cisco AsyncOS Software allowed remote attackers to bypass the system. The vulnerability was due to improper handling of the MIME header in the email attachment. A successful attempt allowed the attacker to access the configured email message and content filtering that allowed the malware to be delivered to the recipient.

Seeing the bug, it is advised that customers regularly consult the Cisco representatives for products to determine the exposure and complete the upgrade solution. If the support isn’t clear, customers can contact the Cisco Technical Assistance Centre (TAC) or their maintenance providers.

7. Cyber Attack On Nuclear Power Plant – October 2016

On October 10th, 2016 the world watched a team of highly skilled hackers takes down power grids that were a result of cyber-attack. Hackers were trying to penetrate the computer network of companies that operated nuclear power stations. This shows that disturbances in nuclear infrastructure due to a Cyber Attack is not always a ‘Hollywood stunt’!

The head of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) did not disclose much of the attack that took place but said it disrupted the day to day activities at the plant.

8. WannaCry – May 2017

A recent software attack, WannaCry was a worldwide cyberattack that targeted co putters running Microsoft Windows operating systems. The attack encrypted files on PC’s hard drives which made them inaccessible to users. The attackers demanded a ransom bitcoin amount to decrypt the files on your system.

The attack was brought under control on May 14th, 2017 when network engineer Diaries Huss share a ‘kill switch’ names malware that eventually stopped the spread of this virus. However, later the developer of WannaCry updated his ransomware to remain unaffected by the malware.

9. Bitcoin Node Crash – April 2017

On 23rd April 2017, the world’s largest digital currency, bitcoin, came down crashing due to what appeared to be a memory leak. The software bug leads to, in effect, duplication of work, with wrong actors exploiting bugs for political points. While most of the bitcoin owners welcome an increase in the block sizes, the fact cannot be ignored that bitcoin seems very vulnerable to software bugs and attacks which needs improvements for sure.

In the end, it was all just codes, hence bugs will be found and fixed. This won’t be an issue until the bugs are relatively harmless.

10. Mariner 1’s $135 Million Software Bug- July 1962

A software bug that occurred due to a simple punch card is considered one of the most expensive failures in history. In 1962, the software bug; let to the destruction of Mariner 1 spacecraft even before it could complete its mission on Venus.

Just minutes before the satellite could take off, the onboard guidance antenna failed, which hindered the backup radar system guiding the spacecraft. However, later it was found that there were minor errors in the software of the guidance system which led to this huge loss.

11. The Mars Climate Orbiter- September 1999

On December 11th, 1999, NASA launched the Mars Climate Orbiter to study the climate and surface changes. The ground-based software team produced an output of non-SI units (pound-seconds) rather than the metric units which uncompensated and unconverted the units causing the thrusters to be powerful to a limit the orbiter couldn’t take.

The result was that the orbiter entered the Mars atmosphere at a wrong angle rather than entering the planets orbit. It was the responsibility of the engineers to check for the computer program’s compatibility.

12. The Morris Worm– November 1988

The Morris worm was one of the first worms that were introduced into computer systems with an intention being completely harmless. The program was developed by Robert Tappan Morris, who was a student at Cornell University. The worm spread across thousands of computers almost crashing systems due to coding errors. The news made the headline in no time.

The cleaning up of this mess had gone as high as around $100 million. Morris was of the thought that the worm would help improve the computer’s security features, which it did not.

Conclusion

Today, the advancements in information technology have huge resources to bring down any instances of a software bug that could affect our daily lives. But learning from history, it is important to keep a check on the software and test it to perfection with the help of an established software testing company so that you will not encounter any loss.

Differences Between Test Strategy, Test Plan and Test Case

Posted on April 12, 2018 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Software checking is a lot more complicated process than it seems alike. When it comes to software quality assurance, there are a lot many terminologies you have to deal. Like, test case, test plan, and test strategy. Let’s see what the terms means.

So what exactly is Test Case, Test Plan, and Test Strategy ?

A test case is a series of conditions against which the software is checked to see if it satisfies all requirements and works as desired.

The test lead or manager creates a test plan. Its primary goal is to contain all necessary information about required while testing, which includes what to test, when and how to test, who will test the software. The test plan remains the same throughout but is changed when there is a modification in the software or something new is added.

On the other hand, a test strategy is a complicated document that informs the test how to approach the software while testing it. It is created by a business analyst or a project manager. The test strategy document is more of a standard record and isn’t changed quite often.

Now that the meanings are clear, let’s move onto the differences between differences between test case, test plan, and test strategy:

1. What it contains

Test case

It is a sequence of steps that help the testers to test the software and changes from software to software. It includes environment, condition, expected and actual results, and whether the software failed the test or not. Mostly, enterprise test management software is used to manage the case and the process.

Test plan

A test plan contains a lot of things including features to be tested, techniques, Test plan id, testing tasks, pass or fail criteria, responsibilities, test deliverables, and schedule of the best.

Test strategy

It consists of documentation formats, objectives and scope, test processes, client communication strategy, and team reporting structure.

2. Who conducts it?

Test case

It is usually the software developer that writes the test case.

Test plan

It is conducted by a testing manager or someone who describes how, when, how, and who will test the software.

Test strategy

It is usually the project manager that carries out the test strategy. It contains everything from the type of technique to be used to which module needs to be tested.

3. Narration

Test case

It merely narrates the sequence of the test.

Test plan

The plan narrates the specification.

Test strategy

It narrates the general approaches.

4. Modification

Test case

It is not usually changed, but if there is a significant change in the software, a few steps are added or removed from the sequence.

Test plan

A test plan can change since it is conducive to a modification of the software.

Test strategy

A test strategy is never changed because it is a static document and remains the same for all records.

5. Purpose of the process

Test case

Validate the functionality of the software.

Test plan

It is used to determine the possible dependencies and issues to identify the risks.

Test strategy

It is a long-term project. A test strategy doesn’t change from one software to another. Therefore it is used to abstract information from software and use it for test approach.

6. Level of use

Test case

It is a relatively stable concept and one test case can be used for numerous projects.

Test plan

It is used at the project level, therefore can be used only for one project.

Test strategy

A test strategy is used at an organizational level and can be used across multiple projects.

Let’s take a look at how a test case, test plan, and test strategy are written:

Test case

Think of a strong title
Add a description
Write down assumptions and preconditions
Add the test steps now. Make sure that the steps are mentioned explicitly and in a concise manner
Mention the expected results
Make sure that the test case you make it reusable so that the software testing team doesn’t need to create a new one for every software

Test plan

Any test plan first starts with analyzing the software. Ask yourself questions including who will use the software, purpose of making it, and you want it to work.
Design your test strategy. It is constant across all software, so you only have to modify it slightly
Write down test objectives
Define test criteria
Conduct resource planning
Plan the software’s test environment
Develop schedule and estimation
Determine the result of the plan

Test strategy

Write down objectives for your test strategy
Mention the test guidelines
Decide your test approach
Mention the tester’s roles and responsibilities
Write down all levels of testing
Mention the functional specifications, test scenarios, and acceptance criteria
Mention the entry and exit criteria
Write guidelines about what to do when a defect is identified
Test results
Provide information about migration procedures and environment information
Mention constraints of the test
Include risks of the software and how to solve them

However, all these three concepts are interdependent and work only when each one is present. A test case is used in the test strategy which in turn is used in the test plan. They might be developed or performed by different people, but the test result is cumulative of all their input.

Roles & Responsibilities in a Software Testing Team

Posted on December 26, 2017 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Software testing is an essential part of the software development life cycle (SDLC). Playing a significant role in defining the success rate of a particular product, owing to the same reason the software testing team plays a crucial role even after the product’s development is completed
Therefore, it is important to ensure that this software testing team includes a perfect mix of talented as well as capable professionals who are also domain experts.
Being experts in the problem domain make it easier for them to create such test scripts that make it easier to identify the problem in the product.

While every company follows a different structure of the testing team, there are a few members who are common in every structure and fulfill the expectations of the team. This includes:
1. QA Leader:
QA Leader is the most important member of the testing team. While it is extremely crucial for him/her to have a clear understanding of the testing process or methodology. It is also essential for him/her to be familiar with the varied test-program concerns such as test environment and data management, trouble reporting and resolution, etc.

The Main Roles and Responsibilities handled by the QA leader are:

Acts as a point of contact for inter and intra departmental interaction
Represents the software testing team as well as enables customer relationship
Deciding the test budget and schedule
Identifying the testing activities for other team members like testers or test engineers
Planning the entire testing process
Checking the availability of the resources to execute testing activities
Identifying if the process of testing is going in sync with the software development
Preparing the status report of testing activities
Sharing updates on testing with the project manager
Planning pre and post-test meetings

Salary of A QA leads leading IT booming countries

India – Rs. 659000 – 1230000 / year
USA – $50,000 – $ 104,000 / year
Singapore – S$ 3000- S$ 6,000
Canada – CA$65,000 – CA$97,000
Hong Kong – HK$58,000

2. Test Lead
With a clear understanding about the applications business area and its requirements, a test lead is a person who is also familiar with the varied test-program issues such as test data management, test design, and test development.
His/her expertise in numerous technical skills such as programming languages, database technologies, and computer operating systems also enable him/her to deliver the best at his/her job.
The Major Role and Responsibilities of a Test Lead include the following:

Technical expertise related to the test program and approach.
Provides support for customer interface, staff planning, and supervision, as well as progress status reporting.
Validating the quality of the testing requirements such as testability, test design, and script, test automation, etc.
Staying updated about the latest test approaches and tools
Assisting the software testing team to be aware of the latest trends in the world of software testing.
Arranging walk-through for test design and procedure.
Implementing the test process.
Ensuring that test-product documentation is complete.

Salary of Test leads in IT booming countries

India – Rs. 549,000 – Rs. 1525,000
USA – $73,000 – $92000
Singapore – S$103,000
Canada – CA$42,000- CA$105,000

3. Test Engineer
The role of a test engineer is to determine the best way to create a process that can enable one to test a particular product in the best possible manner.
Test engineers can have different expertise based on which they are assigned a role in a company.
Some of the common test engineers working in an organization are as mentioned below:

Know More: 21 Best Programming Movies Software Testers must watch

a) Usability Test Engineer
These engineers are highly proficient in designing test suites as well as have a clear understanding of the usability issues. With excellent interpersonal skills, they are also skilled in test facilitation. Some of their common job roles include:

Designing the usability testing scenarios
Administering the process of usability testing
Developing test-product documentation
Participating in test-procedure walk-through

b) Manual Test Engineer
With a clear understanding of the Graphical User Interface (GUI) design and its standards, manual test engineers are highly proficient in designing test suites and various testing techniques. Some of the major responsibilities of these engineers include:

Using associated test data to design and develop test procedures and cases
Manually executing the test procedures
Attending test-procedure walk-through
Following the required set standards

c) Automated Test Engineer
Also known as Automater/developer, these engineers also have a good understanding of the GUI design and software testing. They can also be relied upon for designing the effective test suites as well as efficiently working with test tools. Some of the common roles handled by them are:

Designing and developing test procedures on the basis of requirements
Following rest-design standards
Attending test procedure walk-throughs
Executing the tests and preparing reports for the same.

Salary of Test Engineers in IT Booming Countries

India – Rs. 284,000 – Rs. 799,000
USA – $ 71,000 – $ 107,000
Singapore – S$46,000 – S$75,000
Canada – CA$49,000 – CA$85,000

4. Network Test Engineer
With a high level of proficiency and expertise in a variety of technical skills such as programming languages, database technologies, and computer operating systems, network test engineers are good at product evaluation and integration skills.
Their Major Roles at an Organization include:

Performing network, database, and middle-ware testing
Developing load and stress test designs, cases and procedures
Implementing the performance monitoring tools on an ongoing basis
Conducting load and stress test procedures

Salary of Network Test Engineers in IT booming countries

India – Rs. 477,000 – Rs. 946,000
USA – $56,000 – $91,000
Singapore – S$39,000 – S$52,000
Canada – CA$58,000

5. Test Library and Configuration Specialist:
This job role requires one to have a network, database, and system administration skills along with expertise in technical skills including programming languages, database technologies, and computer operating systems. Their major job roles include the following:

Managing the test-script change
Maintaining test-script version control
Upholding test-script reuse library
Creating test builds, wherever required

6. Tester
Having a sound knowledge about various concepts involved in test designing and execution methodologies, a software tester is the one who is able to interact efficiently with the development team. His/her major roles as a part of software testing team includes:

Designing the testing scenarios for usability testing
Analyzing the testing results and submitting the report to the development team
Creating test designs, processes, cases and test-product documentation
Conducting testing as per the set standards and procedures
Ensure that the testing is carried out as per the defined standards and procedures

Salary of Testers in IT booming countries

India – RS. 184,000 – Rs. 782,000
USA – $39,000 – $87,000
Singapore – S$31,000 – S$69,000
Canada – CA$36,000 – CA$81,000

Conclusion
While it is crucial for every member of the testing team to fulfill his/her job responsibilities diligently, it is also important to ensure that the software testing team is properly structured and has well-defined responsibilities. Making testing a fun task instead of a serious job responsibility.

Unit Testing vs Integration Testing : What’s the Difference?

Posted on November 10, 2017 by tbsupadminnxtbackendacc

Unit Testing vs Integration Testing! Do you know what’s the difference between unit testing and integration testing?
Both of them are essential in the development phase as unit testing will evaluate the code you have written for particular feature means while integration testing will ensure that it’s working fine with the rest of the system.
But the difference doesn’t end there.
Let’s make an inch to inch comparison between both the process. Unit Test vs Integration Test!

1) What is UnitTesting:

Tests that are conducted by developers for a particular unit of code such as module or component that has been developed by them
One of the most effective and simple way to determine if the individual units of source code that are being tested are perfect and ready to use
Helps in cutting down the cost of bug fixes as the bugs are identified during the early stages of the software development life cycle (SDLC)

2) What is Integration Testing:

A type of testing that tests a product in terms of the integration between its modules
Its one of the most effective software testing techniques in which the individual units of a program are combined and tested as a group
Executed with the help of test stubs and test drivers that assist in its easy execution

Unit Testing vs Integration Testing – The Differences.

Both these forms of testing have their own significance but it is important to understand the difference between the two:

1. Aim

Unit testing tests each part of the program individually so as to ensure that each of them perform correctly. Whereas, integration testing combines the modules and test them as a group for their optimum functionality.

2. Time of testing

Unit testing is independent and can be performed at any point of SDLC. On the other hand, integration testing is conducted after unit testing is completed and system testing begins.

3. Sub-Divisions

Unit testing cannot be sub-divided whereas integration testing can be divided into top-down integration, bottom-up integration and so on.

4. Integration Errors

Unit testing cannot identify integration errors, or other system-wide errors that exist. Whereas, integration testing can identify all sorts of errors as its purpose is to test and identify errors in modules.

5. Specification

Unit testing begins with the specification of the modules whereas integration testing begins with interface specification.

6. Type of Testing

Unit testing is a form of white-box testing, which refers to testing of internal structure of a program or application. Whereas, integration testing is both white-box and black box testing.

7. External Dependencies

Unit testing does not examine whether a program code works properly with external dependencies whereas integration testing tests the code on the same parameters.

8. Maintenance

Conducted by the software developer oneself, testing a program using unit testing is cheaper as compared to integration testing which is executed by a team of testers.

Unit and Integration Testing are Equally Important

Both these forms of testing have their own importance as the absence of one might impact the overall performance and development of the product.

While unit testing ensures that optimum quality during the development phase of the product, integration testing ensures that there are no errors pending after the development of different modules.
Moreover, identifying the errors during integration testing raises the need for conducting unit testing again so as to identify the specific error in the program.
Therefore, to ensure the premium product delivery, it is better and advisable to keep implementing both these forms of testing as and when required.